<Suppliers Price>

Ammonium Chloride

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
12125-02-9

[ Name ]:
Ammonium Chloride

[Synonym ]:
Ammonium chloride
ammonia chloride
amine hydrochloride
Ammonium Chlorid
threo-amine hydrochloride
EINECS 235-186-4
ammonium cloride
MFCD00011420

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Ammonium chloride, as a heteropolar compound with pH value regulation, can cause intracellular alkalization and metabolic acidosis thus effecting enzymatic activity and influencing the process of biological system. Ammonium chloride is an autophagy inhibitor[1][2].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Cancer
Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

[In Vitro]

Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), a lysosomotropic agent that raises intralysosomal pH, reduces the yield of reovirus during infection of mouse L cells[2].

[In Vivo]

Ammonium chloride (0.28 M in drinking water) promotes the survival of myocardial cells in vivo by decreasing contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy[1]. Animal Model: 8-9-week-old C57B/L6 mice[1] Dosage: 0.28 M in drinking water (5 mg/kg doxorubicin once a week for 2 weeks) Administration: 0.28 M in drinking water (5 mg/kg doxorubicin once a week for 2 weeks) Result: Effectively improved doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction in mice.

[References]

[1]. Huang X, et al. NH4Cl treatment prevents doxorubicin-induced myocardial dysfunction in vivo. Life Sci. 2019;227:94-100.

[2]. Canning WM, Fields BN. Ammonium chloride prevents lytic growth of reovirus and helps to establish persistent infection in mouse L cells. Science. 1983;219(4587):987-988.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.52

[ Boiling Point ]:
100 °C750 mm Hg

[ Melting Point ]:
340 °C (subl.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
ClH4N

[ Molecular Weight ]:
53.49150

[ Exact Mass ]:
53.00320

[ LogP ]:
1.17820

[ Vapour density ]:
1.9 (vs air)

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
1 mm Hg ( 160.4 °C)

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.642

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong bases.

[ Water Solubility ]:
soluble

MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
BP4550000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Ammonium chloride
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
12125-02-9
LAST UPDATED :
199806
DATA ITEMS CITED :
38
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
Cl-H4-N
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
53.50
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
Z& G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1650 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
30 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
485 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
358 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
78 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
72 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
220 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - domestic
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
51660 mg/kg/10W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Fibroblast
REFERENCE :
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,623,1984 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 20 mg/m3, fume DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 10 mg/m3, fume DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 10 mg/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,12,1971 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 6 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 (fume) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO AMMONIUM CHLORIDE-air:10H TWA 10 mg/m3;STEL 20 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 05270 No. of Facilities: 29596 (estimated) No. of Industries: 223 No. of Occupations: 97 No. of Employees: 259567 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 05270 No. of Facilities: 24833 (estimated) No. of Industries: 180 No. of Occupations: 131 No. of Employees: 415676 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 139037 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302-H319

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P305 + P351 + P338

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R22;R36

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S22-S36-S26

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 9085

[ WGK Germany ]:
1

[ RTECS ]:
BP4550000

[ HS Code ]:
2827101000

Synthetic Route

Precursor & DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2827101000

Articles

Improved ethanol tolerance and ethanol production from glycerol in a streptomycin-resistant Klebsiella variicola mutant obtained by ribosome engineering.

Bioresour. Technol. 176 , 156-62, (2014)

To improve the ethanol tolerance of the Klebsiella variicola strain TB-83, we obtained the streptomycin-resistant, ethanol-tolerant mutant strain TB-83D by a ribosome engineering approach. Strain TB-8...

A synthetic O2 -tolerant butanol pathway exploiting native fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.

Biotechnol. Bioeng. 112(1) , 120-8, (2014)

Several synthetic metabolic pathways for butanol synthesis have been reported in Escherichia coli by modification of the native CoA-dependent pathway from selected Clostridium species. These pathways ...

Systematic comparison of the effects of alpha-synuclein mutations on its oligomerization and aggregation.

PLoS Genet. 10(11) , e1004741, (2014)

Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (ASYN) in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites is the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Furthermore, mutations in the gene ...


More Articles


Related Compounds