CHIR-99021 (CT99021)

Names

[ Name ]:
CHIR-99021 (CT99021)

[Synonym ]:
3-PYRIDINECARBONITRILE,6-[[2-[[4-(2,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)-5-(5-METHYL-1H-IMIDAZOL-2-YL)-2-PYRIMIDINYL]AMINO]ETHYL]AMINO]
6-[2-[4-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino]ethylamino]pyridine-3-carbonitrile
CHIR 99021
6-[(2-{[4-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino}ethyl)amino]nicotinonitrile
6-[(2-{[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)amino]pyridine-3-carbonitrile
3-Pyridinecarbonitrile, 6-[[2-[[4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino]ethyl]amino]-
CHIR-99021

Biological Activity

[Description]:

CHIR-99021 is a GSK-3α/β inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 and 6.7 nM，showing 500-fold selectivity over its closest homologs CDC2 and ERK2, as well as other protein kinases.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Signaling Pathways >> PI3K/Akt/mTOR >> GSK-3

Signaling Pathways >> Stem Cell/Wnt >> GSK-3

Research Areas >> Cancer

[Target]

GSK-3β:6.7 nM (IC50)

GSK-3α:10 nM (IC50)

cdc2:8800 nM (IC50)

[In Vitro]

CHIR 99021inhibits human GSK-3β with Ki values of 9.8 nM[1]. CHIR 99021 is a small organic molecule that inhibits GSK3α and GSK3β by competing for their ATP-binding sites.In vitro kinase assays reveal that CHIR 99021 specifically inhibits GSK3β (IC50=~5 nM) and GSK3α (IC50=~10 nM), with little effect on other kinases[2]. In the presence of CHIR-99021 the viability of the ES-D3 cells is reduced by 24.7% at 2.5 μM, 56.3% at 5 μM, 61.9% at 7.5 μM and 69.2% at 10 μM CHIR-99021 with an IC50 of 4.9 μM[3].

[In Vivo]

In ZDF rats, a single oral dose of CHIR 99021 (16 mg/kg or 48 mg/kg) rapidly lowers plasma glucose, with a maximal reduction of nearly 150 mg/dl 3-4 h after administration[1]. CHIR99021 (2 mg/kg) given once, 4 h before irradiation, significantly improves survival after 14.5 Gy abdominal irradiation (ABI). CHIR99021 treatment significantly blocks crypt apoptosis and accumulation of p-H2AX+ cells, and improves crypt regeneration and villus height. CHIR99021 treatment increases Lgr5+ cell survival by blocking apoptosis, and effectively prevents the reduction of Olfm4, Lgr5 and CD44 as early as 4 h[4].

[Kinase Assay]

Kinases are purified from SF9 cells through use of their His or Glu tag. Glu-tagged proteins are purified, and His-tagged proteins are purified. Kinase assays are performed in 96-well plates with appropriate peptide substrates in a 300-μL reaction buffer (variations on 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mMdithiothreitol, 25 mMβ-glycerophosphate, 1 mM NaF, and 0.01% bovine serum albumin). Peptides has Km values from 1 to 100 μM. CHIR 99021 or CHIR GSKIA is added in 3.5 μL of Me2SO, followed by ATP to a final concentration of 1 μM. After incubation, triplicate 100-μL aliquots are transferred to Combiplate 8 plates containing 100 μL/well of 50 μM ATP and 20 mM EDTA. After 1 hour, the wells are rinsed five times with phosphate-buffered saline, filled with 200 μL of scintillation fluid, sealed, and counted in a scintillation counter 30 min later. All of the steps are at room temperature. The percentage of inhibition is calculated as 100×(inhibitor-no enzyme control)/(Me2SO control-no enzyme control)[2].

[Cell Assay]

The viability of the mouse ES cells is determined after exposure to different concentrations of GSK3 inhibitors for three days using the MTT assay. The decrease of MTT activity is a reliable metabolism-based test for quantifying cell viability; this decrease correlates with the loss of cell viability. 2,000 cells are seeded overnight on gelatine-coated 96-well plates in LIF-containing ES cell medium. On the next day the medium is changed to medium devoid of LIF and with reduced serum and supplemented with 0.1-1 μM BIO, or 1-10 μM SB-216763, CHIR-99021 or CHIR-98014. Basal medium without GSK3 inhibitors or DMSO is used as control. All tested conditions are analyzed in triplicates[3].

[Animal admin]

Rats[1] Primary hepatocytes from male Sprague Dawley rats that weighed <140 g are prepared and used 1-3 h after isolation. Aliquots of 1×106cells in 1 mL of DMEM/F12 medium plus 0.2% BSA and CHIR 99021(orally at 16 or 48 mg/kg) or controls are incubated in 12-well plates on a low-speed shaker for 30 min at 37°C in a CO2-enriched atmosphere, collected by centrifugation and lysed by freeze/thaw in buffer A plus 0.01% NP40; the GS assay is again performed. Mice[4] Mice 6-10 weeks old are used. The PUMA+/+ and PUMA-/- littermates on C57BL/6 background (F10) and Lgr5-EGFP (Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creERT2) mice are subjected to whole body irradiation (TBI), or abdominal irradiation (ABI). Mice are injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2 mg/kg of CHIR99021 4 h before radiation or 1 mg/kg of SB415286 28 h and 4 h before radiation. Mice are sacrificed to collect small intestines for histology analysis and western blotting. All mice are injected i.p. with 100 mg/kg of BrdU before sacrifice.

[References]

[1]. Ring DB, et al. Selective glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors potentiate insulin activation of glucose transport and utilization in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes. 2003 Mar;52(3):588-95.

[2]. Bennett CN, et al. Regulation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 23;277(34):30998-1004.

[3]. Naujok O, et al. Cytotoxicity and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells treated with four GSK3 inhibitors.BMC Res Notes. 2014 Apr 29;7:273.

[4]. Wang X, et al. Pharmacologically blocking p53-dependent apoptosis protects intestinal stem cells and mice from radiation. Sci Rep. 2015 Apr 10;5:8566.

[Related Small Molecules]

SB216763 | TWS119 | LY2090314 | Tideglusib | BIO | Kenpaullone | AR-A014418 | CHIR 99021 trihydrochloride | AZD1080 | CHIR-98014 | AZD2858 | Indirubin-3'-monoxime | SB 415286 | Bikinin | RGB-286638

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
784.1±70.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₂₂H₁₈Cl₂N₈

[ Molecular Weight ]:
465.338

[ Flash Point ]:
428.0±35.7 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
464.103149

[ PSA ]:
115.20000

[ LogP ]:
3.98

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
white to light brown

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±2.7 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.700

[ Storage condition ]:
?20°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
DMSO: soluble2mg/mL, clear (warmed)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS06

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H300-H315-H319-H335

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P261-P264-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T

[ Risk Phrases ]:
25-36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
26-36/37/39-45

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 2811 6.1 / PGIII

[ HS Code ]:
29335990