Redox systems involving R, P-, R, P (X)-, and R, P+-substituted benzenes and biphenyls have been studied by cyclic voltammetry in dimethylformamide. The first one-electron reduction was found to be reversible in several instances, and stable radical anions, cations, and uncharged radicals were detected by high-resolution electron spin resonance. The second reduction step was found to be irreversible in all cases investigated. The ...
