Formamide

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C-H3-N-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

45.05

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

ZVH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

5577 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - ataxia Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - incontinence

TYPE OF TEST :

LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>13500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

5700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2450 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

6 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

3150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

910 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Liver - liver function tests impaired Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 ppm/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Blood - changes in platelet count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

2 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

7980 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

DOSE :

1200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

910 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :

Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified

REFERENCE :

CAANAT Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes. (Nancy, France) V.1-56, 1899-1972. For publisher information, see ANOBAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 56,712,1972 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 18 mg/m3 (10 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (18 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 20 ppm (37 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (55 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 20 ppm (37 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 20 ppm (30 mg/m3);STEL 30 ppm (45 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO FORMAMIDE-air:10H TWA 10 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84454 No. of Facilities: 227 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 3195 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84454 No. of Facilities: 42 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 2724 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 556 (estimated)