Piracetam

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 09:41:59

Piracetam Structure
Piracetam structure
 Common Name Piracetam
CAS Number 7491-74-9 Molecular Weight 142.156
Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 337.3±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C6H10N2O2 Melting Point 151-152ºC
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 157.8±28.4 °C

 Use of Piracetam


Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), used in treatment of a wide range of cognitive disorders.Target: OthersPiracetam is able to significantly decrease the fusogenic and destabilising effect of Abeta 29-42, in a concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation of piracetam, at a piracetam/peptide ratio of 960, during 20 min before the addition of Abeta 29-42 prevents almost completely the mixture of the two fluorescent probes. Preincubation of piracetam with lipids prevents almost completely the release of calcein induced by the peptide in a dose-dependent fashion (piracetam/peptide ratios from 9.6 to 960) [1]. Piracetam (< 1.0 mM) preincubated with brain membranes enhances membrane fluidity in aged mice, rats and humans, as indicated by decreased anisotropy of the membrane-bound fluorescence probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). Piracetam (300 mg/kg once daily) significantly increases membrane fluidity in some brain regions of young and aged rats, but has no measurable effect on membrane fluidity in the young rats [2]. Piracetam (300 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks) improves active avoidance learning in the aged rats only and elevates membrane fluidity in all brain regions except the cerebellum in the aged rats. Piracetam (300 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks) also improves NMDA receptor density in the hippocampus and on muscarinic cholinergic receptor densities in the frontal cortex and the striatum and to a lesser extent in the hippocampus of rats [3].

 Names

Name 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
Synonym More Synonyms

 Piracetam Biological Activity

Description Piracetam is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), used in treatment of a wide range of cognitive disorders.Target: OthersPiracetam is able to significantly decrease the fusogenic and destabilising effect of Abeta 29-42, in a concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation of piracetam, at a piracetam/peptide ratio of 960, during 20 min before the addition of Abeta 29-42 prevents almost completely the mixture of the two fluorescent probes. Preincubation of piracetam with lipids prevents almost completely the release of calcein induced by the peptide in a dose-dependent fashion (piracetam/peptide ratios from 9.6 to 960) [1]. Piracetam (< 1.0 mM) preincubated with brain membranes enhances membrane fluidity in aged mice, rats and humans, as indicated by decreased anisotropy of the membrane-bound fluorescence probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). Piracetam (300 mg/kg once daily) significantly increases membrane fluidity in some brain regions of young and aged rats, but has no measurable effect on membrane fluidity in the young rats [2]. Piracetam (300 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks) improves active avoidance learning in the aged rats only and elevates membrane fluidity in all brain regions except the cerebellum in the aged rats. Piracetam (300 mg/kg daily for 6 weeks) also improves NMDA receptor density in the hippocampus and on muscarinic cholinergic receptor densities in the frontal cortex and the striatum and to a lesser extent in the hippocampus of rats [3].
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Mingeot-Leclercq, M.P., et al., Piracetam inhibits the lipid-destabilising effect of the amyloid peptide Abeta C-terminal fragment. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2003. 1609(1): p. 28-38.

[2]. Muller, W.E., et al., Effects of piracetam on membrane fluidity in the aged mouse, rat, and human brain. Biochem Pharmacol, 1997. 53(2): p. 135-40.

[3]. Scheuer, K., et al., Piracetam improves cognitive performance by restoring neurochemical deficits of the aged rat brain. Pharmacopsychiatry, 1999. 32 Suppl 1: p. 10-6.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 337.3±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 151-152ºC
Molecular Formula C6H10N2O2
Molecular Weight 142.156
Flash Point 157.8±28.4 °C
Exact Mass 142.074234
PSA 63.40000
LogP -1.39
Vapour Pressure 0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.603
Storage condition Store at RT

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
UX9660500
CHEMICAL NAME :
1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, 2-oxo-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
7491-74-9
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1526393
LAST UPDATED :
199612
DATA ITEMS CITED :
10
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C6-H10-N2-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
142.18
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T5NVTJ A1VZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
5600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FRPPAO Farmaco, Edizione Pratica. (Casella Postale 227, 27100 Pavia, Italy) V.8-43 1953-88 For publisher information, see FRMCE8 Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,47,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
KHFZAN Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24(4),32,1990
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,795,1989
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>12 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
KHFZAN Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal. Chemical Pharmaceutical Journal. For English translation, see PCJOAU. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11(8),132,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
9200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
YHTPAD Yaoxue Tongbao. Bulletin of Pharmacology. (China International Book Trading Corp., POB 2820, Beijing, Peop. Rep. China) V.13-23, 1978-88. For publisher information, see ZYZAEU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,465,1983
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
RPTOAN Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (English Translation). Translation of FATOAO. (Euromed Pub., 33, Woodlands Rd., Surbiton, Surrey, UK) V.30- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,205,1984
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION :
>10 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
RPTOAN Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology (English Translation). Translation of FATOAO. (Euromed Pub., 33, Woodlands Rd., Surbiton, Surrey, UK) V.30- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,22,1981 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
70 gm/kg/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Endocrine - adrenal cortex tumors Biochemical - Neurotransmitters or modulators (putative) - dopamine in striatum
REFERENCE :
PJPPAA Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. (ARS Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.25- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,7,1991
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
182 gm/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,855,1995
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
560 mg/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - xanthine, purine or nucleotides including urate
REFERENCE :
ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,812,1983

 Safety Information

Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
Hazard Codes Xi: Irritant;
Risk Phrases R36/37/38
Safety Phrases 26-37/39
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 2
RTECS UX9660500

 Synthetic Route

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 Synonyms

2-pyrrolidoneacetamide
Pyracetam
2-(2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide
Gabacet
Normabrain
Nootropil
Nootrop
Ciclofalina
2-Oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamide
1-Pyrrolidineacetamide, 2-oxo-
2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide
5-21-06-00360 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00079246
Piracetam
Nootropyl
Pyramem
EINECS 231-312-7
Oxiracetam Impurity 1
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