dichloroethane

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C2-H4-Cl2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

98.96

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

G2G

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

4000 ppm/1H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - coma Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

286 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from stomach Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Liver - fatty liver degeneration

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

428 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

892 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

714 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Cardiac - change in rate Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

670 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1000 ppm/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

807 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intratracheal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

120 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

413 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

5 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

470 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

380 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

5700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

175 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :

3000 ppm/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC - Lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

>3000 ppm/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

860 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

3000 ppm/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

2800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - pig

DOSE/DURATION :

3000 ppm/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 ppm/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases

TYPE OF TEST :

LC - Lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

>3000 ppm/7H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

21840 mg/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg/10-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Liver - changes in liver weight Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

200 ppm/7H/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 ppm/7H/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

43680 mg/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

200 ppm/7H/9D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

685 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 ppm/7H/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :

1000 ppm/7H/9W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

1000 ppm/7H/11W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

400 ppm/7H/19W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

200 ppm/7H/25W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1500 ppm/7H/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

5286 mg/kg/69W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

5 ppm/7H/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3536 mg/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

5 ppm/7H/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1120 gm/kg/74W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

38 gm/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular - tumors Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

76 gm/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - uterine tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

18 gm/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Vascular - tumors Gastrointestinal - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

38 gm/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - uterine tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

300 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

208 mg/m3/6H

SEX/DURATION :

female 2 week(s) pre-mating female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

TYPE OF TEST :

Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :

Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA inhibition

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 90,183,1981 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 40 mg/m3 (10 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,429,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,429,1979 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40(3),A46,1979 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. (American College of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology, Publication Office, Comparative Toxicology, Manhattan, KS 66506) V.19- 1977- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,31,1980 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DCTODJ Drug and Chemical Toxicology. (Marcel Dekker, 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016) V.1- 1977/78- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,319,1982 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: PB82-182825 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,79,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 50 ppm;CL 100 ppm;Pk 200 ppm/5M/3H CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (4 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3);Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 4 mg/m3;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 10 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 ppm (4 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (20 mg/m3);Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);STEL 20 ppm (80 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 10 ppm (40 mg/m3);STEL 15 ppm (60 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE-air:10H CA TWA 1 ppm;STEL 2 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 24130 No. of Facilities: 7148 (estimated) No. of Industries: 92 No. of Occupations: 60 No. of Employees: 77671 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 24130 No. of Facilities: 2226 (estimated) No. of Industries: 38 No. of Occupations: 61 No. of Employees: 83246 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 33361 (estimated)