Moclobemide

Moclobemide(Ro111163) is a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) selective for isoform A (RIMA) used to treat major depressive disorder.Target: Monoamine OxidaseMoclobemide orally administered 2 hours before decapitation preferentially inhibits MAO-A and PEA in rat brain with ED50 of 7.6 μmol/kg and 78 μmol/kg, respectively. Moclobemide orally administered 2 hours before decapitation preferentially inhibits MAO-A and PEA in rat liver with ED50 of 8.4 μmol/kg and 6.6 μmol/kg, respectively. Moclobemide (0.1 mM), which inhibits brain MAO-A activity by over 80%, does not affect benzylamine oxidase (rat heart) and diamine oxidase (rat small intestine) activity in vitro [1]. Moclobemide (10 mM-100 mM) includes in the culture medium during anoxia or with glutamate significantly increases in a concentration-dependent manner the amount of surviving neurons compared to controls in neuronal-astroglial cultures from rat cerebral cortex [2].Moclobemide (10 mg/kg p.o.) induces a significant decrease of all monoamine metabolites measured in rat brain [1]. Moclobemide, given via the drinking water (4.5 mg/kg/day), produces significant decreases in adrenal weight of rats after 5 (-23%) and 7 weeks (-16%) of treatment. Moclobemide upregulates hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) levels in rats by 65%, 76% and 19% at 2 weeks, 5 weeks and 7 weeks of treatment, and upregulates Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in this limbic brain structure by 10% at 5 weeks. Moclobemide treatment (5 weeks, 4.5 mg/kg/day) significantly attenuates stress (30 min novel environment)-induced plasma ACTH (-35%) and corticosterone (-29%) levels [3].

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> Monoamine Oxidase

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

[1]. Da Prada, M., et al., Neurochemical profile of moclobemide, a short-acting and reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1989. 248(1): p. 400-14.

[2]. Verleye, M., et al., Moclobemide attenuates anoxia and glutamate-induced neuronal damage in vitro independently of interaction with glutamate receptor subtypes. Brain Res, 2007. 1138: p. 30-8.

[3]. Reul, J.M., et al., Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis changes in the rat after long-term treatment with the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor moclobemide. Neuroendocrinology, 1994. 60(5): p. 509-19.

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MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C13-H17-Cl-N2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

268.77

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

5 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Skin and Appendages - hair

REFERENCE :

HUPSEC Human Psychopharmacology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W.Sussex PO19 1UD, United Kingdom) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,81,1997

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

19 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :

JCLPDE Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. (Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc., POB 240008, Memphis, TN 38124) V.39- 1978- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,438,1986

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

66 mg/kg/11D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Vascular - BP elevation not characterized in autonomic section

REFERENCE :

LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 346,1032,1995

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

12600 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - thrombocytopenia Blood - leukemia Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

REFERENCE :

LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 347,1329,1996

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

707 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

USXXAM United States Patent Document. (U.S. Patent Office, Box 9, Washington, DC 20231) Volume(issue)/page/year: #4210754

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

591 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

EJMCA5 European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry--Chimie Therapeutique. (Editions Scientifiques Elsevier, 29 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France) V.9- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 31,909,1996