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Perhexiline maleate

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
6724-53-4

[ Name ]:
Perhexiline maleate

[Synonym ]:
perhexilline maleate
Perhexiline maleate (USAN)
EINECS 229-775-5
Pexid
2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine maleate
DSSTox_CID_1114
perhexilene maleate
Perhexiline maleate

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Perhexiline maleate is a potent carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT 1) inhibitor with IC50s of 77 and 148 μM for rat heart and liver CPT 1, respectively.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others
Research Areas >> Cancer
Research Areas >> Cardiovascular Disease

[Target]

IC50: 77 μM (Rat heart CPT 1), 148 μM (Rat liver CPT 1)[1]


[In Vitro]

At 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment with 0.01 and 1 μM of Perhexiline , NDM29 ncRNA expression level in SH-SY5Y cells is progressively increased, reaching a peak after 48 hours of treatment. Perhexiline treatment increases the susceptibility of NB cells to antiblastic treatments. Co-administration of Perhexiline maleate potentiates the efficacy of cisplatin to reduce the in vitro clonogenic potential of NB cells[2].

[In Vivo]

The co-administration of Perhexiline and cisplatin yields a clear enhancement of antitumor effects, resulting in a significantly improved progression-free survival as compared with mice treated with DMSO. Perhexiline favors NB cell transition to differentiated phenotype[2].

[Cell Assay]

The effect of antitumoral drugs on neuroblastoma cell survival is evaluated using the MTT assay. Approximately 24 hours after plating, cells are exposed to Perhexiline maleate (0.01 μM) for 48 hours at 37°C. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the percentage of cells surviving in relation to untreated cells[2].

[Animal admin]

Mice: In protocol a, 21 mice are divided in 4 groups: control vehicle group: DMSO; cisplatin (3 mg/kg/dose) treated group; Perhexiline (1 mg/kg/dose) treated group and; Perhexiline (1 mg/kg/dose) and cisplatin (3 mg/kg/dose) treated group. In protocol b, 20 mice are divided in 4 groups: control vehicle group: DMSO; Perhexiline (3 mg/kg/dose) treated group; cisplatin (5 mg/kg/dose) treated group; Perhexiline (3 mg/kg/dose) and cisplatin (5 mg/kg/dose) treated group[2].

[References]

[1]. Kennedy JA, et al. Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 in rat heart and liver by Perhexiline and amiodarone. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996 Jul 26;52(2):273-80.

[2]. Vella S, et al. Perhexiline maleate enhances antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in neuroblastoma by inducing over-expression of NDM29 ncRNA. Sci Rep. 2015 Dec 17;5:18144.


[Related Small Molecules]

Captisol | Cyclosporin A | H2DCFDA | 0MPTP hydrochloride | GW4869 | Etomoxir | TD139 | Mitoquinone mesylate | GSK2795039 | JC-1 | BAPTA-AM | AP 20187 | Setanaxib (GKT137831) | D-Luciferin | Crotaline

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
574.1ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
181-183ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C23H39NO4

[ Molecular Weight ]:
393.56000

[ Flash Point ]:
301ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
393.28800

[ PSA ]:
86.63000

[ LogP ]:
5.33600

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
white to tan

[ Storage condition ]:
-20?C Freezer, Under Inert Atmosphere

[ Water Solubility ]:
DMSO: ≥5mg/mL

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
TM7068000
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
6724-53-4
LAST UPDATED :
199410
DATA ITEMS CITED :
9
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C19-H35-N.C4-H4-O4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
393.63
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T6MTJ B1Y- AL6TJ&- AL6TJ &QV1U1VQ -C

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
636 mg/kg/89D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
4693 mg/kg/3Y
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness Liver - hepatitis, fibrous (cirrhosis, post-necrotic scarring)
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
106 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
>2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Skin and Appendages - hair
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2641 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
107 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Skin and Appendages - hair

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION :
10 umol/L
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 157,1,1985

Safety Information

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
TM7068000

[ HS Code ]:
2933399090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933399090

[ Summary ]:
2933399090. other compounds containing an unfused pyridine ring (whether or not hydrogenated) in the structure. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

Articles

Torsade de pointes associated with perhexiline maleate therapy.

Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 20(6) , 818-20, (1990)

Multiform ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) is a recognised proarrhythmic effect of drugs which prolong the QT interval. A case is now described for the first time where torsade de pointes ...

Further studies on the pharmacokinetics of perhexiline maleate in humans.

Xenobiotica 16(1) , 63-8, (1986)

We have performed single-dose pharmacokinetic studies on perhexiline in eight young volunteers, each given 300 mg of Pexid orally, using an h.p.l.c. method for the separation and quantification of the...

Stimulatory effect of perhexiline maleate on the basal and LHRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from rat pituitary cell aggregates in vitro.

Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. 87(2) , 115-23, (1995)

Perhexiline maleate (PM) is an anti-anginal agent of amphiphilic character involved in lipidosis disorders. Experiments were carried out to study PM action on LH release from rat anterior pituitary ce...


More Articles

Related Compounds