Dicyclomine hydrochloride

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is a potent and orally active muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist. Dicyclomine hydrochloride shows high affinity for muscarinic M1 receptor subtype (Ki=5.1 nM) and M2 receptor subtype (Ki=54.6 nM) in brush-border membrane and basal plasma membranes, respectively[1]. Dicyclomine is an antispasmodic agent and relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract in vivo[2].

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> mAChR

Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> mAChR

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Ki: 5.1 nM (muscarinic M1 receptor subtype in brush-border membrane) Ki: 54.6 nM (muscarinic M2 receptor subtype in basal plasma membrane[1]

Dicyclomine hydrochloride (intraperitoneal injection; 8 mg/kg; daily) exacerbates the cognitive impairments in all the measurements. In addition, the memory impairments are worse in dicyclomine-treated 3xTg-AD mice compared to dicyclomine-treated NonTg mice[2]. Dicyclomine hydrochloride (intraperitoneal injection; 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg; 7 days) produces a highly significant effect on performance in the paired-associates learning (PAL) task in mice.And systemic treatment at lower doses show behavioral impairments in mice in spatial tasks[3]. Animal Model: C57Bl/6 mice[1] Dosage: 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg Administration: Intraperitoneal injection; daily; 7 days Result: Produced impairments due to actions of the agent outside of the hippocampus.

[1]. J Pavía,et al. Pharmacological Characterization and Distribution of Muscarinic Receptors in Human Placental Syncytiotrophoblast Brush-Border and Basal Plasma Membranes. Eur J Pharmacol. . 1997 Feb 12;320(2-3):209-14.

[2]. Antonella Caccamo, et al.  M1 Receptors Play a Central Role in Modulating AD-like Pathology in Transgenic Mice. 2006 Mar 2;49(5):671-82.doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.01.020.

[3]. Susan J Bartko,et al. A Computer-Automated Touchscreen Paired-Associates Learning (PAL) Task for Mice: Impairments Following Administration of Scopolamine or Dicyclomine and Improvements Following Donepezil.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Mar;214(2):537-48.

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C19-H35-N-O2.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

346.01

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

L6TJ A- AL6TJ AVO2N2&2 &GH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - infant

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

REFERENCE :

BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 288,901,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1290 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :

KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1954,1974

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

625 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

REFERENCE :

JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,305,1950

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1900 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

FSTEAI Farmaco. Scienza e Tecnica. (Pavia, Italy) V.1-7, 1946-52. For publisher information, see FRPSAX. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,448,1952

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

31500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - smooth muscle relaxant (mechanism undefined, spasmolytic)

REFERENCE :

ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. (Editio Cantor Verlag, Postfach 1255, W-7960 Aulendorf, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1119,1961

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

35 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria

REFERENCE :

JAPMA8 Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. (Washington, DC) V.29-49, 1940-60. For publisher information, see JPMSAE. Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,305,1950 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

26 gm/kg/30D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - normocytic anemia Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

REFERENCE :

KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1954,1974

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

39 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1954,1974

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

31200 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,1954,1974 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84599 No. of Facilities: 805 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 805 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84599 No. of Facilities: 188 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 4 No. of Employees: 9355 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8012 (estimated)