Benactyzine hydrochloride

Benactyzine hydrochloride is a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor with a Ki of 0.010 mM.

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> AChE

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Ki: 0.010 mM (BChE)[1]

Benactyzine hydrochloride and drofenine are widely used anticholinergic drugs which are also competitive inhibitors of BChE with Ki values of 0.010±0.001 and 0.003±0.000 mM, respectively. Results indicate that the inhibition of BChE by Benactyzine hydrochloride is pure or partial competitive. Pure competitive inhibition can be distinguished from partial competitive inhibition by plotting v vs [Benactyzine] at a fixed [BTCh][1].

Benactyzine hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) does not influence the attention response. Benactyzine hydrochloride increases the duration of the exploratory-motor reaction, but slightly diminishes the salivation elicited by acetylcholine. There is no blocking effect of Benactyzine hydrochloride and promazine on the EEG-seizure activity elicited by acetylcholine, and almost no inhibitory effect on emotional reactions. Emotional reactions are blocked by high doses of imipramine and promazine, but not by Benactyzine hydrochloride. The data indicates that imipramine, promazine and Benactyzine hydrochloride influence the autonomic effects of serotonin in different ways. Promazine, and especially Benactyzine hydrochloride, inhibit and shorten the period of salivation elicited by the intra-amygdaloid injection of serotonin[2].

Butyrylcholinesterase activity is measured spectrophotometrically with spectrophotometer using butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTCh) as substrate. In the kinetic studies, initial velocities are measured at 37°C by using 0.25 mM 5,5’-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in 5 mM 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer, pH 7.5, and appropriate concentrations of Benactyzine hydrochloride and drofenine solutions prepared in water, as a function of BTCh concentration from 0.25 to 5.0 mM BTCh in 0.5 mL final volume of assay mixture (0.5 mL assay mixture contains 1.56 mg purified enzyme). Assays are carried out in duplicate and activities are measured for up to 90 s[1].

Experiments are carried out in 36 cats of both sexes weighing 1.8 to 4 kg in a free-behavior situation. The experiments are carried out in the following order: after the first micro-injection of acetylcholine and/or serotonin and/or noradrenaline (200 μg) into the amygdala the changes in the behavior, autonomic reactions and EEG are recorded for a period of 10 min and then followed by intramuscular injections of imipramine and/or Benactyzine hydrochloride and/or promazine and/or saline (in control experiments). The second micro-injection of neurohormones (200 μg) into the amygdala is performed in 45 rain after the intramuscular injection of drugs and/or saline, and the effect is compared with the previous one, induced by the first micro-injection[2].

[1]. Bodur E, et al. Inhibition effects of benactyzine and drofenine on human serum butyrylcholinesterase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001 Feb 1;386(1):25-9.

[2]. Allikmets LH, et al. Dissimilar influences of imipramine, benactyzine and promazine on effects of micro-injections ofnoradrenaline, acetylcholine and serotonin into the amygdala in the cat. Psychopharmacologia. 1969;15(5):392-403.

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MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C20-H25-N-O3.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

363.92

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

QXR&R&VO2N2&2 &GH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

14 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - toxic psychosis

REFERENCE :

27ZQAG "Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,363,1972

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

184 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,42,1959

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

REFERENCE :

APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,405,1955

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

160 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

27ZQAG "Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,363,1972

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

76 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 74,274,1942

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

27ZQAG "Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,363,1972

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

14300 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,673,1986

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intradermal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :

AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 59,149,1938

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

REFERENCE :

APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,405,1955

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

15 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

27ZQAG "Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,363,1972

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - mydriasis (pupillary dilation) Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

REFERENCE :

APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,405,1955 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - mating performance (e.g. # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles)

REFERENCE :

PSYPAG Psychopharmacologia (Berlin). (Berlin, Ger.) V.1-46, 1959-76. For publisher information, see PSCHDL. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,44,1966