Cyclopamine

Cyclopamine is a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway antagonist with an IC50 of 46 nM in the Hh cell assay.

Signaling Pathways >> Stem Cell/Wnt >> Hedgehog

Natural Products >> Steroids

Research Areas >> Cancer

IC50: 46 nM (Hedgehog, in Hh cell assay)[1]

Treatment with small molecule Hh inhibitors such as HhAntag and the natural product Cyclopamine, both binding to Smo, induces tumor remission in a genetic mouse model of medulloblastoma[1]. Cyclopamine is a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway antagonist. Cyclopamine suppresses cell growth. Cyclopamine (3 μM) suppression of Hh pathway activity and growth in digestive tract tumour cell lines correlates with expression of PTCHmRNA[2]. Cyclopamine is a steroidal alkaloid that inhibits Hh signalling through direct interaction with Smo[3].

Cyclopamine causes durable regression of xenograft tumors. Tumors in Cyclopamine-treated animals, regress completely by 12 days[2]. Cyclopamine (1.2 mg) treatment blocks tumour formation of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells after transplantation into nude mice[3].

Cells are cultured in triplicate in 96-well plates in assay media to which 5E1 monoclonal antibody, ShhNp and/or Cyclopamine (3 μM) are added at 0 h at concentrations indicated in the main text. Viable cell mass is determined by optical density measurements at 490 nm (OD490) at 2 and 4 days using the CellTiter96 colorimetric assay. Relative growth is calculated as OD (day 4)-OD (day 2)/OD (day 2)[2].

Mice[3] A total of 0.1 mL Hanks’ balanced salt solution and matrigel (1:1) containing 2×106 cells is injected subcutaneously into CD-1 nude mice. Tumors are grown for 4 days to a minimum volume of 125 mm3; treatment is initiated simultaneously for all subjects. Mice are injected subcutaneously with vector alone (triolein:ethanol 4:1 v/v) or a Cyclopamine suspension (1.2 mg per mouse in triolein:ethanol 4:1 v/v) daily for 7 days. At the end of the treatment period, tumours are excised from mice, weighed and then fixed for 3 h at 4°C with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned (6 µm). Apoptotic cells are identified by TUNEL using recombinant Tdt. Sections are then counterstained with eosin. Eight ×20-magnified fields from regions corresponding to the exterior, middle and interior of two control and two cyclopamine-treated tumours are chosen at random. We counted the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei manually. Haematoxylin/eosin staining is done.

[1]. Peukert S, et al. Identification and structure-activity relationships of ortho-biphenyl carboxamides as potent Smoothened antagonists inhibiting the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 2009, 19(2), 328-331.

[2]. Berman DM, et al. Widespread requirement for Hedgehog ligand stimulation in growth of digestive tract tumours. Nature, 2003, 425(6960), 846-851.

[3]. Thayer SP, et al. Hedgehog is an early and late mediator of pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. Nature, 2003, 425(6960), 851-856.

[4]. Ma W, et al. Reduced Smoothened level rescued Aβ-induced memory deficits and neuronal inflammation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. J Genet Genomics. 2018 May 20;45(5):237-246.

vismodegib(GDC-0449) | Ciliobrevin A | Jervine | JK184

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C27-H41-N-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

411.69

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

L D6 B566 FX DU LUTJ A1 E1 OQ F-& CT56 BOX FMTJ D1 H1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 149,302,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :

170 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 149,302,1975 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

120 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :

LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1187,1973

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 29(2),22A,1984

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

44500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,1174,1971

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

116 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 136,1174,1971

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

250 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 149,302,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

170 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 149,302,1975

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

54546 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 30-31 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 142,1287,1973

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

30 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

REFERENCE :

PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 192,153,1989 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,107,1972