β-MSH (human) trifluoroacetate salt

β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), human is a melanocortin (MC) receptor agonist.

Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> Melanocortin Receptor

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Peptides

Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

Melanocortin[1]

β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent which effect is brought by activation of the central MC3/MC4 receptors and thereby inhibits NO production by inhibiting the translocation of transcription factor NF-κB to the nuclei of the brain cells and decreasing iNOS expression[1]. β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone has significantly higher at human MC4-R transfected into CHO cells (Ki=11.4±0.4 nM) and MC4-R in rat hypothalamic homogenates (Ki=22.5±2.3 nM)[2].

β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone suppresses LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB, and inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the following nitric oxide overproduction in the brain[1].β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone is a key ligand at the MC4-R populations that regulate feeding, and that inhibition of tonic release of β-MSH is one mechanism contributing to hunger in under-feeding[2].

Mice[1] Male ICR mice weighing 23-25 g are housed under standard conditions (21-23°C, 12 h light-dark cycle) with unlimited access to food and water. The NO contents in the mouse forebrains are measured 6 h after drug administration using an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone is administered intracisternaly (i.c.) with or without LPS, in a total injection volume of 10 μL (i.e., saline or 10 μL LPS with β-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ranging from 1 to 3 nM per animal). Control animals receive i.c. injection of 10 μL saline. The mice then receive intraperitoneal injections of spin trap reagents, i.e., 400 mg/kg DETC followed by subcutaneous injections of ferrous citrate (40 mg/kg ferrous sulphate+200 mg/kg sodium citrate, prepared directly in the syringe just before use), 0.5 h before decapitation. Thus, the spin trap reagents are administered 5.5 h after the LPS and peptide administration, when decapitation is performed 6 h after the start of the experiment. After that the forebrains are dissected and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen.

[1]. Muceniece R, et al. Beta-MSH inhibits brain inflammation via MC(3)/(4) receptors and impaired NF-kappaB signaling. J Neuroimmunol. 2005 Dec;169(1-2):13-9.

[2]. Harrold JA, et al. beta-MSH: a functional ligand that regulated energy homeostasis via hypothalamic MC4-R? Peptides. 2003 Mar;24(3):397-405.

Setmelanotide | Bremelanotide Acetate | JNJ-10229570 | ACTH [1-17] | MC-4R Agonist 1 | PF-00446687 | SNT-207707 | SNT-207858