Hydroxyurea

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
127-07-1

[ Name ]:
Hydroxyurea

[Synonym ]:
hydroxycarbamide
HYDROXYUREA (HYDROXYCARBAMIDE)
HYDROXYUREA 127-07-1
Hydroxyurea
Droxia
HYDROXYCARBAMIDE, BP STANDARD
HYDROXYHARNSTOFF
amino-hydroxamic acid
Hydrea
HYDROXYHARNSTOFF(HYDROXYUREA)
1-hydroxyure
hydroxyl urea
Hydroxy urea
HYDROXYCARBAMIDE (HYDROXYUREA)
MFCD00007943
Urea, N-hydroxy-
Onco-carbide
Oxyurea
N-HYDROXYUREA
EINECS 204-821-7
Litalir
1-Hydroxyurea
Biosupressin
hydroxyure

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Hydroxyurea is a cell apoptosis inducer that inhibitDNA synthesis through inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> DNA/RNA Synthesis

Research Areas >> Cancer

[In Vitro]

Hydroxyurea is used in a number of myeloproliferative, neoplastic, HIV, and non-hematological diseases[1]. Treatment of cells in primary culture with 30 μM hydroxyurea for 96 hours significantly increases the fractional HbF content. The Gγ: Aγ-globin mRNA is induced 0.30- to 8-fold in vitro[2]. Hydroxyurea has been shown to block HIV-1 reverse transcription and/or replication in quiescent peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages[3].

[In Vivo]

Hydroxyurea therapy producs consistent reductions in WBC and ANC without improvement in anemia over 17 weeks. Hydroxyurea at 50mg/kg produces a reduced white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count and no improvement in anemia compared to vehicle treated sickle cell mice[4].

[Animal admin]

Mice: To determine whether hydroxyurea would improve anemia and/or prevent or diminish the development of organ damage in the absence of HbF induction, hydroxyurea, at doses of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg, or vehicle is administered five days per week to SCD mice[4].

[References]

[1]. Kovacic P, et al. Hydroxyurea (therapeutics and mechanism): metabolism, carbamoyl nitroso, nitroxyl, radicals, cell signaling and clinical applications. Med Hypotheses. 2011 Jan;76(1):24-31.

[2]. Watanapokasin Y, et al. In vivo and in vitro studies of fetal hemoglobin induction by hydroxyurea in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients. Exp Hematol. 2005 Dec;33(12):1486-92.

[3]. Lori F, et al. Rationale for the use of hydroxyurea as an anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;30 Suppl 2:S193-7.

[4]. Lebensburger JD, et al. Hydroxyurea therapy requires HbF induction for clinical benefit in a sickle cell mouse model. Haematologica. 2010 Sep;95(9):1599-603.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
222.1±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
135-140 °C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
CH₄N₂O₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
76.055

[ Flash Point ]:
88.1±22.6 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
76.027275

[ PSA ]:
75.35000

[ LogP ]:
-1.80

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.501

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
soluble

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS08

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H340-H361

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P201-P280-P308 + P313

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T:Toxic

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R46;R61

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S53-S36/37-S45

[ RIDADR ]:
2811

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
YT4900000

[ Packaging Group ]:
III

[ HS Code ]:
2928000090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2924199090

[ Summary ]:
2924199090. other acyclic amides (including acyclic carbamates) and their derivatives; salts thereof. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

Articles

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J. Mol. Biol. 426(24) , 4049-60, (2014)

Rad23 was identified as a DNA repair protein, although a role in protein degradation has been described. The protein degradation function of Rad23 contributes to cell cycle progression, stress respons...

A gemcitabine sensitivity screen identifies a role for NEK9 in the replication stress response.

Nucleic Acids Res. 42(18) , 11517-27, (2014)

The Replication Stress Response (RSR) is a signaling network that recognizes challenges to DNA replication and coordinates diverse DNA repair and cell-cycle checkpoint pathways. Gemcitabine is a nucle...

Celastrol induces proteasomal degradation of FANCD2 to sensitize lung cancer cells to DNA crosslinking agents.

Cancer Sci. 106 , 902-8, (2015)

The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway plays a key role in interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and maintenance of the genomic stability, while inhibition of this pathway may sensitize cancer cells to DNA ICL ...

Related Compounds

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