Triamcinolone

Triamcinolone is a long-acting synthetic corticosteroid.Target: Glucocorticoid ReceptorDimethyl fumarate is an anti-inflammatory. It is indicated for multiple sclerosis patients with relapsing forms and is also being investigated for the treatment of psoriasis. The mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis is not well understood. It is thought to involve dimethyl fumarate degradation to its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) then MMF up-regulates the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway that is activated in response to oxidative stress [1]. The mean duration of follow-up was 40 months. The rate of decline in the FEV1 after bronchodilator use was similar in the 559 participants in the triamcinolone group and the 557 participants in the placebo group (44.2+/-2.9 vs. 47.0+/-3.0 ml per year, P= 0.50). Members of the triamcinolone group had fewer respiratory symptoms during the course of the study (21.1 per 100 person-years vs. 28.2 per 100 person-years, P=0.005) and had fewer visits to a physician because of a respiratory illness (1.2 per 100 person-years vs. 2.1 per 100 person-years, P=0.03). Those taking triamcinolone also had lower airway reactivity in response to methacholine challenge at 9 months and 33 months (P=0.02 for both comparisons) [2].

Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> Glucocorticoid Receptor

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[1]. http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08908#targets

[2]. Lung Health Study Research, G., Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med, 2000. 343(26): p. 1902-9.

Hydrocortisone | Mifepristone | Corticosterone | Prednisone | (20S)-Protopanaxatriol | Fluticasone propionate | Cortisone | Triamcinolone acetonide | AL 082D06 | Glucocorticoid receptor agonist | Mapracorat | Ciclesonide | Beclometasone dipropionate | Clobetasol propionate | CORT-108297

DATA ITEMS CITED :

20

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C21-H27-F-O6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

394.48

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

L E5 B666 OV KU MUTJ A1 BF CQ E1 FV1Q FQ GQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

1200 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Musculoskeletal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

99 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

105 mg/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Blood - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

DOSE :

12600 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-39 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 4-8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

10 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

20 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

100 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

10 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - cytological changes (including somatic cell genetic material) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

30 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 63-65 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

4 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 13-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

10500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 15-16 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

DOSE :

2 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

428 ug/kg

REFERENCE :

ARDEAC Archives of Dermatology. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.82- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 103,39,1971 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJOGAH American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. (C.V. Mosby Co., 11830 Westline Industrial Dr., St. Louis, MO 63146) V.1- 1920- Volume(issue)/page/year: 96,985,1966 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M2730 No. of Facilities: 174 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 174 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M2730 No. of Facilities: 98 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 2926 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2097 (estimated)