Ethidium bromide

Names

[ Name ]:
Ethidium bromide

[Synonym ]:
3,8-Diamino-5
MFCD00011724
3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide,EtBr,Homidium bromide
Phenanthridinium, 3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenyl-, bromide (1:1)
Homidium bromide
3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-5-ium bromide
3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide
EINECS 214-984-6
5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-5-ium-3,8-diamine,bromide
EthidiuM BroMide

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Ethidium bromide is an intercalating agent commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis.

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Others

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

[In Vitro]

Guidelines (Following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides a guideline, and should be modified according to your specific needs). The preparation of agarose gel: 1． Agarose gels are commonly used in concentrations of 0.5% to 2.5% depending on the size of bands needed to be separated. 2． Mix the agarose powder with 1X TAE/TBE. 3． Microwave for 1-3 min until the agarose is completely dissolved (Caution: not overboil). 4． Make the solution cool down before solidification. 5． Add ethidium bromide (EtBr) to a final concentration of approximately 0.2-0.5 μg/mL (Stocks are generally 10 mg/ml, and require 5 µL stock/100 mL gel). 6． Ethidium bromide binds to the DNA and you could visualize the DNA under ultraviolet (UV) light. CAUTION: EtBr is a known mutagen. Please pay attention to strengthening protection.

[References]

[1]. P Stevenson, et al. Comparison of isometamidium chloride and homidium bromide as prophylactic drugs for trypanosomiasis in cattle at Nguruman, Kenya. Acta Trop. 1995 May;59(2):77-84.

[2]. Sabnis, Ram Wasudeo (2010). Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Application. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-40753-0.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Melting Point ]:
260-262 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₂₁H₂₀BrN₃

[ Molecular Weight ]:
394.308

[ Flash Point ]:
>100°C

[ Exact Mass ]:
393.084045

[ PSA ]:
55.92000

[ LogP ]:
2.29820

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.4575 (20ºC)

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

[ Water Solubility ]:
40 g/L (25 ºC)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: SF7950000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Phenanthridinium, 3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenyl-, bromide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 1239-45-8

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 79

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C21-H20-N3.Br

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 394.35

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T B666 HKJ EJ H2 IR& LZ &E &9/26

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - active as anti-cancer agent

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 110 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Bird - chicken

DOSE/DURATION :: 847 ug/kg

REFERENCE :: 47JMAE "Cytogenetic Assays of Environmental Mutagens," Hsu, T.C., ed., Totowa, NJ, Allanheld, Osmun & Co., 1982 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,137,1982 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - A1168 No. of Facilities: 17 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 34 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - A1168 No. of Facilities: 7 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 21 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS06, GHS08

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302-H330-H341

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P260-P281-P284-P310

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T+:Verytoxic;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R21/22;R26;R36/37/38;R68

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S36/37-S45-S36/37/39-S28A-S26-S22

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 2811 6.1/PG 1

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
SF7950000

[ Packaging Group ]:
I

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1

[ HS Code ]:
29339990

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933990090

[ Summary ]:
2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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