Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2013-10-01

In vitro pharmacodynamics of human-simulated exposures of ampicillin/sulbactam, doripenem and tigecycline alone and in combination against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Seth T Housman, Mao Hagihara, David P Nicolau, Joseph L Kuti

Index: J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 68(10) , 2296-304, (2013)

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Abstract

Multidrug resistance is common among Acinetobacter baumannii, limiting the available options used to treat infections caused by this organism. The objective of this study was to compare monotherapy and combination therapy with ampicillin/sulbactam, doripenem and tigecycline against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model.Human free-drug concentration profiles of clinically relevant ampicillin/sulbactam, doripenem and tigecycline were simulated alone and in two-drug combinations against four clinical A. baumannii isolates (MICs: ampicillin/sulbactam, 4/2-64/32 mg/L; doripenem, 16 to ≥64 mg/L; and tigecycline, 1-4 mg/L) over 24 h. Microbiological response was measured as log10 cfu/mL and the area under the bactericidal curve (AUBC).Control strains grew to 7.11 ± 0.13 log10 cfu/mL. Except for ampicillin/sulbactam-containing regimens against the single ampicillin/sulbactam-susceptible isolate, all A. baumannii demonstrated regrowth to 24 h control levels against all mono and combination regimens. Using AUBC as an endpoint, the most active regimens were 9 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 8 h (3 h infusion) + 2 g of doripenem every 8 h (4 h infusion; 87.8 ± 21.0), 9 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 8 h (3 h infusion) + 200 mg of tigecycline every 12 h (30 min infusion; 100.6 ± 33.0) and 9 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 8 h (3 h infusion) monotherapy (116.7 ± 31.6), followed by 3 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 6 h (30 min infusion) + 200 mg of tigecycline every 12 h (30 min infusion; 134.0 ± 31.5) and 2 g of doripenem every 8 h (4 h infusion) + 200 mg of tigecycline every 12 h (30 min infusion; 142.7 ± 16.9).Although specific combination regimens displayed additive activity at aggressive doses against these multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, none of the regimens could maintain cfu reductions against the more resistant isolates.