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1.金属锂的原料。用作铝的焊接剂、空调除湿剂、制造烟火以及特种水泥原料，在电池行业中用于生产锂锰电池电解液等。
2.分析试剂，如电化学分析中的支持电解质。还用作制冷剂。用于人工矿水添加剂，烟火制造。
| 中文名 | 结晶氯化锂 |
|---|---|
| 英文名 | lithium chloride hydrate |
| 中文别名 |
水合氯化锂
一水合氯化锂 氯化锂 氯化锂一水合物 一水氯化锂 |
| 英文别名 |
Lithium chloride monohydrate
EINECS 200-353-2 MFCD00149764 |
| 密度 | 1.78 |
|---|---|
| 沸点 | 100ºC at 760mmHg |
| 熔点 | >98ºC |
| 分子式 | ClH2LiO |
| 分子量 | 60.40930 |
| 精确质量 | 59.99540 |
| PSA | 9.23000 |
| 蒸汽压 | 24.5mmHg at 25°C |
| 储存条件 | 常温密闭避光，通风干燥惰性气体下 |
| 稳定性 | 1.常温常压下稳定 2.避免的物料：水分/潮湿 氧化物 光 酸 卤间化合物 |
| 计算化学 | 1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无 2.氢键供体数量:1 3.氢键受体数量:2 4.可旋转化学键数量:0 5.互变异构体数量:无 6.拓扑分子极性表面积1 7.重原子数量:3 8.表面电荷:0 9.复杂度:2 10.同位素原子数量:0 11.确定原子立构中心数量:0 12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0 13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0 14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0 15.共价键单元数量:3 |
| 更多 | 1.性状：白色结晶。 2.密度（g/mL,25/4℃）：1.78 3.相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定 4.熔点（ºC）：>98°C -H₂O 5.沸点（ºC,常压）：未确定6.沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定 7.折射率：未确定 8.闪点（ºC）：未确定 9.比旋光度（º）：未确定 10.自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定 11.蒸气压（kPa,25ºC）：未确定 12.饱和蒸气压（kPa,60ºC）：未确定 13.燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定 14.临界温度（ºC）：未确定 15.临界压力（KPa）：未确定 16.油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定 17.爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定 18.爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定 19.溶解性：易潮解。溶于水能溶于水、醇、丙酮、戊醇、吡啶和硝基苯，高于98℃失去结晶水，水溶液呈中性或微碱性。 |
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Section 1: Product Identification Chemical Name:Lithium chloride hydrate (99.996%-Li) PURATREM CAS Registry Number:16712-20-2 Formula:LiCl.XH2O EINECS Number:none Chemical Family:metal halide Synonym:Lithium monochloride hydrate
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients IngredientCAS NumberPercentACGIH (TWA)OSHA (PEL) Title Compound16712-20-2100%no datano data Section 3: Hazards Identification Emergency Overview:Irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. Primary Routes of Exposure:Ingestion, Inhalation of dust. Eye Contact:Slight to mild irritant of the eyes. Skin Contact:Slight to mild irritant of the skin. Inhalation:Dust is irritating to the nose, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. Ingestion:Ingestion may lead to dizziness, abdominal cramps, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness, and convulsions. Harmful in contact with skin and if swallowed. Irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. May cause harm to Acute Health Affects: the unborn child and brestfed babies. Chronic Health Affects:May cause heritable genetic damage. Possible risk of impaired fertility. NTP:No IARC:No OSHA:No SECTION 4: First Aid Measures Immediately flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 10-15 minutes. A victim may need Eye Exposure: assistance in keeping their eye lids open. Get immediate medical attention. Wash the affected area with water. Remove contaminated clothes if necessary. Seek medical assistance if Skin Exposure: irritation persists. Remove the victim to fresh air. Closely monitor the victim for signs of respiratory problems, such as difficulty Inhalation: in breathing, coughing, wheezing, or pain. In such cases seek immediate medical assistance. Seek medical attention immediately. Keep the victim calm. Give the victim water (only if conscious). Induce Ingestion: vomiting only if directed by medical personnel. SECTION 5: Fire Fighting Measures Flash Point:not applicable Autoignition Temperature:none Explosion Limits:none Extinguishing Medium:None. Material is non-flammable. Special Fire Fighting Procedures:No special fire fighting procedures required. Hazardous Combustion andnone Decomposion Products: Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards: No unusual fire or explosion hazards. SECTION 6: Accidental Release Measures To avoid raising dust, small spills may be mixed with diatomaceous earth, sand, vermiculite or other suitable Spill and Leak Procedures: inert material and swept up. SECTION 7: Handling and Storage Handling and Storage:Store solid in a tightly sealed container. SECTION 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection Eye Protection:Always wear approved safety glasses when handling a chemical substance in the laboratory. Skin Protection:Wear protective clothing and gloves. Consult with glove manufacturer to determine the proper type of glove. Ventilation:Material may form a fine dust. If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood. If in form of fine dust and ventilation is not available a respirator should be worn. The use of respirators Respirator: requires a Respirator Protection Program to be in compliance with 29 CFR 1910.134. Ventilation:Material may form a fine dust. If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood. Additional Protection:No additional protection required. SECTION 9: Physical and Chemical Properties Color and Form:white xtl. Molecular Weight:42.39 Melting Point:no data Boiling Point:no data Vapor Pressure:no data Specific Gravity:no data Odor:none Solubility in Water: SECTION 10: Stability and Reactivity Stability:air and moisture stable Hazardous Polymerization:no hazardous polymerization Conditions to Avoid:none Incompatibility:none Decomposition Products:water, metal chloride SECTION 11: Toxicological Information RTECS Data:No information available in the RTECS files. Carcinogenic Effects:no data Mutagenic Effects:mutagen (data equated to anhydrous form) Tetratogenic Effects:reproductive effector (data equated to anhydrous form) SECTION 12: Ecological Information Ecological Information:No information available SECTION 13: Disposal Considerations Disposal:Dispose of according to local, state and federal regulations. SECTION 14: Transportation Shipping Name (CFR):Non-hazardous Hazard Class (CFR):NA Additional Hazard Class (CFR):NA Packaging Group (CFR):NA UN ID Number (CFR):NA Shipping Name (IATA):Non-hazardous Hazard Class (IATA):NA Additional Hazard Class (IATA):NA Packaging Group (IATA):NA UN ID Number (IATA):NA SECTION 15: Regulatory Information TSCA:Not listed in the TSCA inventory. SARA (Title 313):Title compound not listed. Second Ingredient:none SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A |
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毒理学数据: （无水物）小鼠腹膜内注射LC50：990mg/kg；大鼠腹膜内注射LD50:600mg/kg；大鼠静脉注射LD50: 4.8mg/kg。 生态学数据: 对水体是危害的，即使小量产品不能接触地下水，水道或污水系统，未经政府许可勿将材料排入周围环境。
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1.在盐酸中逐渐加入纯碳酸锂，使碳酸锂过量。反应完毕后过滤，蒸发滤液至析出大部分结晶，再冷却、吸滤，可得纯氯化锂。
2.制法 将水加到工业碳酸锂中，加热搅拌，趁热过滤，甩干，重复二次，以除去大部分K+ Na+等离子。将经泡洗的原料碳酸锂慢慢加到相对密度为1.19的盐酸中，进行反应：
反应结束后，应留有少量未溶碳酸锂，此时溶液pH＝6～7。滤去未溶物，在滤液中加入盐酸至pH＝3-然后加入适量氯化钡，静置，待硫酸钡完全沉淀后，加入氢氧化锂至狆 犎＝１ ２，再加适量草酸，使Ca2+ Mg2+离子沉淀，过滤，滤液蒸发到有大量结晶析出，用冰水冷却，继续结晶，抽干后即得试剂一水合氯化锂。