| 中文名 |
氧气
|
| 英文名 |
dioxygen
|
| 中文别名 |
氧
|
| 英文别名 |
oxygen-16
peroxide radical
Oxygen
hyperoxia
hydroperoxide radical
oxygengas
hydroperoxo radical
MFCD00011434
oxigeno
hydroperoxyl radical
lox
oxygene
perhydroxyl radical
pureoxygen
hydroperoxy radical
EINECS 231-956-9
Dioxygen
peroxyl radical
|
| 密度 |
1.429(0℃)
|
| 沸点 |
−183 °C(lit.)
|
| 熔点 |
−218 °C(lit.)
|
| 分子式 |
O2
|
| 分子量 |
31.99880
|
| 闪点 |
none
|
| 精确质量 |
31.98980
|
| PSA |
34.14000
|
| LogP |
0.06700
|
| 外观性状 |
无色气体
|
| 蒸汽密度 |
1.11 (vs air)
|
| 蒸汽压 |
3.27E-25mmHg at 25°C
|
| 折射率 |
1.776
|
| 储存条件 |
储存注意事项 储存于阴凉、通风的不燃气体专用库房。远离火种、热源。库温不宜超过30℃。应与易(可)燃物、活性金属粉末等分开存放,切忌混储。储区应备有泄漏应急处理设备。
|
| 稳定性 |
1.当氧的浓度超过40%时,有可能发生氧中毒;吸入浓度高于80%的氧时,可能会导致全身抽搐、昏迷、呼吸衰竭,甚至死亡。不易溶于水,微溶于醇。临界温度-118.8 ℃,临界压力49.7×105Pa。所有燃烧及氧化的化学反应,在纯氧气中都可非常迅速且急剧地进行,同时放出大量热。与氢按一定比例混合形成爆炸性混合物。在水中的溶解度为4.89(0℃),3.16(25℃),2.30(100℃)mL/L。
2.稳定性 稳定
3.禁配物 还原剂、易燃或可燃物、活性金属粉末、碱金属、碱土金属等
4.聚合危害不聚合
|
| 水溶解性 |
不同温度(℃)时每100毫升水中的溶解克数: 1.52×10-2/30℃;1.17×10-2/10℃;9.4×10-3/20℃;7.8×10-3/30℃;6.2×10-3/40℃
|
| 计算化学 |
1.疏水参数计算参考值(XlogP):-1.1
2.氢键供体数量:0
3.氢键受体数量:2
4.可旋转化学键数量:0
5.互变异构体数量:无
6.拓扑分子极性表面积34.1
7.重原子数量:2
8.表面电荷:0
9.复杂度:0
10.同位素原子数量:0
11.确定原子立构中心数量:0
12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0
13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0
14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0
15.共价键单元数量:1
|
| 更多 |
1.性状:无色无味气体
2.熔点(℃):-218.8
3.沸点(℃):-183.1
4.相对密度(水=1):1.14(-183℃)
5.相对蒸气密度(空气=1):1.43
6.饱和蒸气压(kPa):506.62(-164℃)
7.临界温度(℃):-118.95
8.临界压力(MPa):5.08
9.辛醇/水分配系数:0.65
10.溶解性:溶于水、乙醇。
|
毒理学数据:
1.急性毒性数据:人类吸入TCLo:100 pph/14H;
2.繁殖数据:
女人怀孕后26-39周吸入TCLo:12 pph/10M生殖和心血管系统出现异常;
大母鼠受孕后22天吸入TDLo:10pph/12H生死和呼吸系统出现异常;
大母鼠受孕后22天吸入TDLo:10pph/9H对生殖、呼吸系统和新生儿生长出现抑制作用;
小鼠受孕后8天吸入TCLo:10pph/24H皮肤和皮下组织及生殖出现异常;
3.致突变数据:
人类淋巴细胞40pph/4D对细胞遗传有影响;
啮齿动物-仓鼠卵巢20pph/3D (Continuous) 对细胞遗传有影响;
啮齿动物-仓鼠肺80pph对细胞遗传有影响;
啮齿动物-仓鼠卵巢姐妹染色体20pph复制受影响;
啮齿动物-仓鼠肺95pph/24H引起细胞突变。
4.亚急性与慢性毒性 常压下,在80%氧中生活4d,大鼠开始陆续死亡,兔的视细胞全部损毁;在纯氧中,兔48h视细胞全部损毁,狗60h有死亡,猴3d出现呼吸困难,6~9d死亡。
5.其他 TCLo:100%(100%)(人吸入,14h);TCLo:80%(大鼠吸入)
生态学数据:
1.生态毒性 暂无资料
2.生物降解性 暂无资料
3.非生物降解性 暂无资料
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
-
RTECS NUMBER :
-
RS2060000
-
CHEMICAL NAME :
-
Oxygen
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
-
7782-44-7
-
LAST UPDATED :
-
199710
-
DATA ITEMS CITED :
-
23
-
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
-
O2
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
-
32.00
-
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
-
.O2
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
100 pph/14H
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
12 pph/10M
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 26-39 week(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
10 pph/12H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 22 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
10 pph/9H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 22 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - respiratory system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Inhalation
-
DOSE :
-
10 pph/24H
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 8 day(s) after conception
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - skin and skin appendages
MUTATION DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Cytogenetic analysis
-
TEST SYSTEM :
-
Bird - chicken Embryo
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
80 pph
-
REFERENCE :
-
ACATA5 Acta Anatomica. (S. Karger Pub., Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1945- Volume(issue)/page/year: 94,520,1976 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. Volume(issue)/page/year: 35,89,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CEFYAD Ceskoslovenska Fysiologie. (Academia, Vodickova 40, 112 29 Prague 1, Czechoslovakia) V.1- 1952- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,513,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW PTPBD7 Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Part B: General and Systematic Pharmacology. (Oxford, UK) V.1-3, 1975-78. For publisher information, see PHTHDT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,731,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 32RWA4 "Free Radicals in Biology," Pryor, W.A., ed., V.1- , New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1976- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,239,1976 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ANESAV Anesthesiology. (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1940- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,210,1972 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M0006 No. of Facilities: 917 (estimated) No. of Industries: 23 No. of Occupations: 33 No. of Employees: 9677 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M0006 No. of Facilities: 7113 (estimated) No. of Industries: 81 No. of Occupations: 90 No. of Employees: 189129 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 87473 (estimated)
|
【方法一】
空分法首先清除灰尘和机械杂质后的空气,在压缩机中压缩。清除压缩空气中二氧化碳。干燥压缩空气,经液化、精馏、分离成氧和氮,氧气贮藏在氧气柜,液氧送入贮槽,压缩的氧气充填氧气瓶中。
水电解法水在电解槽中通直流电,水即分解为氧及氢。此法可制得纯氢气,并副产得到氧气。
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