异丁醇

异丁醇用途

【用途一】
用作有机合成的原料，也用作高级溶剂
【用途二】
用作分析试剂、色谱分析试剂、溶剂及萃取剂
【用途三】
异丁醇是一种有机合成原料，在农药上主要用于合成二嗪磷的中间体异丁腈。
【用途四】
萃取溶剂。GB 2760-96规定为允许使用的食用香料。
【用途五】
有机合成原料。用于制造石油添加剂、抗氧剂、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、乙酸异丁酯（涂料溶剂）、增塑剂、合成橡胶、人造麝香、果子精油和合成药物等。也可用来提纯锶、钡和锂等盐类化学试剂以及用作高级溶剂。
【用途六】
溶剂。萃取剂。从氯化锂与氯化钠或钾的混合物中提取氯化锂，分离溴化锶、溴化钡。钙、锶、钡、钠、钾、锂、银、氯和亚磷酸盐的测定。有机合成。

异丁醇名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
78-83-1

[ 中文名 ]:
异丁醇

[ 英文名 ]:
isobutanol

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

i-Butyl alcohol
Methylethyl carbinol
iso-butanol
1-Propanol, 2-methyl-
2-methyl propyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol
Propanol, 2-methyl-
1-hydroxymethylpropane
2-methyl-1-propanyl alcohol
2-Methyl-1-propanol

异丁醇物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
105.0±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
−108 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₄H₁₀O

[ 分子量 ]:
74.122

[ 闪点 ]:
27.8±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
74.073166

[ PSA ]:
20.23000

[ LogP ]:
0.69

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体和有一种特有的气味

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.55 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
16.4±0.4 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.393

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, aluminium.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
95 g/L (20 ºC)

异丁醇MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

异丁醇毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: NP9625000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Isobutyl alcohol

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 78-83-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1730878

LAST UPDATED :: 199806

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 44

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C4-H10-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 74.14

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: Q1Y1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2460 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 8000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 720 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 340 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 544 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 417 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 725 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 323 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 1201 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :: 1401 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 93 gm/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 29 gm/kg/71W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Blood - leukemia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 9 gm/kg/78W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Liver - tumors

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in microorganisms

TEST SYSTEM :: Bacteria - Escherichia coli

REFERENCE :: ABMGAJ Acta Biologica et Medica Germanica. (Berlin, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1-41, 1958-82. For publisher information, see BBIADT. Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,843,1969 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 152 mg/m3 (50 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,140,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 50 ppm (152 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:STEL 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 50 ppm (150 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 50 ppm;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 50 ppm (150 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL-air:10H TWA 50 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 40430 No. of Facilities: 16985 (estimated) No. of Industries: 181 No. of Occupations: 98 No. of Employees: 107310 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 40430 No. of Facilities: 15449 (estimated) No. of Industries: 155 No. of Occupations: 99 No. of Employees: 256975 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 49376 (estimated)

异丁醇安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS05, GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H315-H318-H335-H336

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310-P403 + P235

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi:Irritant

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10;R37/38;R41;R67

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S13-S26-S37/39-S46-S7/9

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1212 3/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
NP9625000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2905141000

异丁醇合成路线

详细合成路线

异丁醇上下游产品

异丁醇上游产品

异丁醇下游产品

异丁醇制备

丁醇丙烯羰基合成法分为高压法、中压法和低压法。高压羰基合成技术由于选择性较差、副产品(丙烷和高沸物)多，已被以铑为催化剂的低压羰基合成技术所取代。

就世界范围而言，目前具有竞争力的羰基合成技术有鲁尔-化学的中压技术以及伊士曼、三菱化成和戴维的低压技术。中压的鲁尔-化学技术消耗最低，技术水平最高，但因工业推广晚，目前世界上采用该技术的装置能力仅占世界羰基合成能力的9%。伊士曼技术具有产品可依市场灵活调节的优点，但没有成套技术转让的经验。戴维技术自20世纪70年代以后便在世界迅速发展，在美国、瑞典、日本、波兰、匈牙利、南朝鲜、德国等欧亚及北美地区就有13套装置应用该种专利技术。戴维的铑法工艺技术占低压羰基合成技术总能力的69%，在世界羰基合成工业中占领先地位。

1.羰基合成法（丙烯制丁醇时的副产品）　以丙烯与合成气为原料，经羰基合成制得正、异丁醛，脱催化剂后，加氢成正、异丁醇，经脱水分离，分别得成品正、异丁醇。

2.异丁醛加氢法　异丁醛在镍的催化下，进行液相加氢反应，制得异丁醇。

3.从生产甲醇厂副产的异丁基油中回收　合成甲醇精馏的副产物--异丁基油，经脱甲醇、盐析脱水，再经共沸精馏，得异丁醇。

4.以工业品异丁醇为原料，加入氧化钙脱水干燥，5h后蒸出异丁醇，馏出液再经精馏，得纯品。与环己烷共沸精馏，可制得无水异丁醇。

异丁醇海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2905141000

异丁醇文献

Combined effects of nutrients and temperature on the production of fermentative aromas by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99(5) , 2291-304, (2015)

Volatile compounds produced by yeast during fermentation greatly influence the organoleptic qualities of wine. We developed a model to predict the combined effects of initial nitrogen and phytosterol ...

The exometabolome of Clostridium thermocellum reveals overflow metabolism at high cellulose loading.

Biotechnol. Biofuels 7(1) , 155, (2014)

Clostridium thermocellum is a model thermophilic organism for the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic substrates. The majority of publications studying the physiology of this organism use subs...

Convenient QSAR model for predicting the complexation of structurally diverse compounds with β-cyclodextrins

Bioorg. Med. Chem. 17 , 896-904, (2009)

This paper reports a QSAR study for predicting the complexation of a large and heterogeneous variety of substances (233 organic compounds) with beta-cyclodextrins (beta-CDs). Several different theoret...

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异丁醇