异丁腈

异丁腈用途

【用途一】
用作农药二嗪磷(地亚农、二嗪农)的关键原料，也用作医药中间体
【用途二】
异丁腈是一种有机合成中间体，在农药上主要用于合成有机磷杀虫剂二嗪磷的中间体2-异丙基-4-甲基-6-羟基嘧啶。
【用途三】
有机合成中间体，主要用于有机磷杀虫剂二嗪农的中间体--异丁脒的生产。也用于生产丙烯酸树脂的添加剂。

异丁腈名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
78-82-0

[ 中文名 ]:
异丁腈

[ 英文名 ]:
Isobutyronitrile

[中文别名 ]:

2-甲基丙腈

[英文别名 ]:

Propanenitrile,2-methyl
isobutylnitrile
2-Cyanopropane
Dimethylacetonitrile
2-methylpropiononitrile
2-Methylpropionitrile
Isopropylnitrile
EINECS 201-147-5
MFCD00001873
1-Cyano-1-methylethane

异丁腈物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.770 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)

[ 沸点 ]:
107-108 °C(lit.)

[ 熔点 ]:
-72 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₄H₇N

[ 分子量 ]:
69.10510

[ 闪点 ]:
39 °F

[ 精确质量 ]:
69.05780

[ PSA ]:
23.79000

[ LogP ]:
1.16598

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体，有恶臭。

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.38 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
100 mm Hg ( 54.4 °C)

[ 折射率 ]:
n20/D 1.372(lit.)

[ 储存条件 ]:
Flammables area

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Flammable. May form explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
35 g/L (20 ºC)

异丁腈MSDS

异丁腈毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TZ4900000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Propanenitrile, 2-methyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 78-82-0

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 1340512

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 12

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C4-H7-N

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 69.12

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: NCY1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: UCDS** Union Carbide Data Sheet. (Union Carbide Corp., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury, CT 06817) Volume(issue)/page/year: 10/29/1959 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 50 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - muscle weakness Vascular - regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

REFERENCE :: 38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2C,4874,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,95,1962

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 55,47,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 25 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: ZAARAM Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz. (Darmstadt, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-25, 1951-75. Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,225,1969

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: ZAARAM Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz. (Darmstadt, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-25, 1951-75. Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,225,1969

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: ZAARAM Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitsschutz. (Darmstadt, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-25, 1951-75. Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,225,1969

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 9 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,161,1899

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2C,4874,1982

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 4800 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. (Heymans Institute of Pharmacology, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium) V.4- 1898- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,161,1899 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ISOBUTYRONITRILE-air:10H TWA 8 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992

异丁腈安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS06

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H300-H311-H315-H319-H335

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P261-P264-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable;T:Toxic;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11;R23/24/25

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S9-S16-S24/25-S26-S36/37/39-S45-S23

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2284 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
TZ4900000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

异丁腈合成路线

异丁腈上下游产品

异丁腈上游产品

异丁腈下游产品

异丁腈制备

以异丁醇和氨为原料可合成异丁腈。将异丁醇与氨以1：2.5配比在氧化锌催化剂存在下，在410-450℃温度和常压下，于固定床管式反应器中进行合成，腈化后经水冷、冰盐水冷却、异丁醇和水两步吸收、氨解析等过程制得。异丁醇转化率接近100%，选择性90%以上，反应收率90%以上。催化剂组成为氧化锌与粘土，其配比为75：25。催化剂使用寿命1000h，经空气活化后还可以继续使用。此法工艺流程短，设备简单，收率高，三废处理比较容易，是目前异丁腈工业生产的主要方法。还有多种制法：异丁胺在硫酸锌催化下脱氢；丙酮与氢氰酸反应得氰醇，再经脱水，加氢反应；丙烯与氢氰反应；异丁醛与氨反应等等，都能制取异丁腈。

精制方法：用少量浓盐酸一起振摇以除去异腈。再用水和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤。或者用硅胶或4A型分子筛干燥后，加入氢化钙搅拌，直到不再放出氢气。倾出液体，然后在五氧化二磷存在下蒸馏(五氧化二磷用量不超过5g/L）。馏出物加氢化钙回流，并在氢化钙存在下慢慢蒸馏可得纯品。操作中要注意防止湿气进入。

异丁腈文献

Polymeric ionic liquid bucky gels as sorbent coatings for solid-phase microextraction

J. Chromatogr. A. 1344 , 15-22, (2014)

• Polymeric ionic liquid bucky gel sorbent coatings were developed for SPME. • Method involved on-fiber co-polymerization by thermal free-radical polymerization. • Sorbent coatings were used for the e...

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Macromol. Biosci. 15 , 1512-22, (2015)

Prodrug micelles carrying 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (ADT-OH), a compound possessing chemopreventive properties, are prepared from amphiphilic block copolymers linking ADT-OH via an ...

Cross-Linking Cellulosic Fibers with Photoreactive Polymers: Visualization with Confocal Raman and Fluorescence Microscopy.

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The properties of paper sheets can be tuned by adjusting the surface or bulk chemistry using functional polymers that are applied during (online) or after (offline) papermaking processes. In particula...

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异丁腈