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乳糖

乳糖用途

Lactose 是大多数物种乳汁中的主要糖分,能够调节人类肠道的微生物菌群。

乳糖名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
63-42-3

[ 中文名 ]:
乳糖,无水

[ 英文名 ]:
Lactose

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

b-Lactose
β-Lactose
SUGAR MILK
EINECS 200-559-2
b-D-glucopyranose, 4-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-
LACTOBIOSE
Aletobiose
D-LACTOSE
LACTIN
4-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyranose

乳糖生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Lactose 是大多数物种乳汁中的主要糖分,能够调节人类肠道的微生物菌群。

[ 相关类别 ]:

研究领域 >> 其他

天然产物 >> 糖和糖苷

[ 靶点 ]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[参考文献]

[1]. Kleessen B, et al. Effects of inulin and lactose on fecal microflora, microbial activity, and bowel habit in elderly constipated persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 May;65(5):1397-402.

[相关活性小分子]

乳糖物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
667.9±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
222.8°C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

[ 分子量 ]:
342.297

[ 闪点 ]:
357.8±31.5 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
342.116211

[ PSA ]:
197.37000

[ LogP ]:
-3.41

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色结晶或结晶性粉末。味甜，甜度约为蔗糖的70%。无臭或略有特征性气味。相对密度d4201.525(含水物)。有还原性和右旋光性。分α-型和β-型两种异构体。 α-乳糖可被酸和乳糖酶分解成葡萄糖和半乳糖，可受乳酸菌类的作用而成为乳酸，但酵母不能利用。在水中结晶析出者，为一水化物C12 H22O11?H2O，如在120℃下加热，可成为无水物。无水物熔点201～202℃，1g可溶于5ml水或2.6ml热水，微溶于乙醇，不溶于乙醚。 β-型乳糖在93℃以上的热水中析出，溶解度不同于α-型，1g溶于2.2ml水或

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±4.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.652

[ 储存条件 ]:
室温

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
5-10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC

乳糖MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乳糖毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OD9625000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Lactose

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 63-42-3

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0093796

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 12

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C12-H22-O11

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 342.34

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6OTJ BQ CQ DQ F1Q EO- BT6OTJ CQ DQ EQ F1Q -D

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,2427,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,2427,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,2427,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig, Ger. Dem. Rep.) Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1289,1935 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4452 gm/kg/53W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

REFERENCE :: JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,165,1992

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 41 gm/kg/26W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - changes in heart weight Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

REFERENCE :: JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,219,1992 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1000 gm/kg/29w-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: GANNA2 Gann. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Tokyo, Japan) V.1-75, 1907-84. For publisher information, see JJCREP. Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,363,1955 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 375 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 4-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :: TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,497,1971 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81715 No. of Facilities: 3594 (estimated) No. of Industries: 19 No. of Occupations: 35 No. of Employees: 26586 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X9297 No. of Facilities: 78 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 5 No. of Employees: 1207 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 922 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81715 No. of Facilities: 4424 (estimated) No. of Industries: 33 No. of Occupations: 51 No. of Employees: 132323 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 76197 (estimated)

乳糖安全信息

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
OD9625000

[ 海关编码 ]:
1702190000

乳糖合成路线

详细合成路线

乳糖上下游产品

乳糖上游产品

乳糖下游产品

乳糖制备

由牛奶中的乳清(约含乳糖5%)经加热或加石灰乳处理，除去蛋白质后浓缩、冷却、结晶、干燥而得。得率约60%～70%。

乳糖海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 1702190000

乳糖文献

Glucose recognition proteins for glucose sensing at physiological concentrations and temperatures.

ACS Chem. Biol. 9(7) , 1595-602, (2014)

Advancements in biotechnology have allowed for the preparation of designer proteins with a wide spectrum of unprecedented chemical and physical properties. A variety of chemical and genetic methods ca...

Transcription of two adjacent carbohydrate utilization gene clusters in Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 is controlled by LacI- and repressor open reading frame kinase (ROK)-type regulators.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80(12) , 3604-14, (2014)

Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals, including humans, where their growth is presumed to be dependent on various diet- and/or host-derived...

Sugar reduction of skim chocolate milk and viability of alternative sweetening through lactose hydrolysis.

J. Dairy Sci. 98(3) , 1455-66, (2015)

Milk consumption by Americans has not met the standards of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Chocolate milk can improve milk consumption, especially by children, due to its color and taste. Howeve...

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乳糖