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乳果糖

乳果糖用途

Lactulose是一种不易吸收的糖, 可用于治疗便秘和肝性脑病。一般给药8到12小时后开始发挥药效, 但可能需要两天时间改善便秘。

乳果糖名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
4618-18-2

[ 中文名 ]:
乳果糖

[ 英文名 ]:
Lactulose

[中文别名 ]:

异构化乳糖液

[英文别名 ]:

laevolac
MFCD00151469
Lactulose
Cholac
Enulose
Liforos
4-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-β-D-fructofuranose
Caloryl
4-D-Galactopyranosyl-4-D-fructofuranose
cephulac

乳果糖生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Lactulose是一种不易吸收的糖, 可用于治疗便秘和肝性脑病。一般给药8到12小时后开始发挥药效, 但可能需要两天时间改善便秘。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他

研究领域 >> 其他

[相关活性小分子]

乳果糖物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.32 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
680.5±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
~169 °C (dec.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

[ 分子量 ]:
342.297

[ 闪点 ]:
365.4±31.5 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
342.116211

[ PSA ]:
197.37000

[ LogP ]:
-3.21

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±4.8 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.656

[ 储存条件 ]:
2~8°C，干燥

[ 水溶解性 ]:
76.4 G/100 ML (30 ºC)

乳果糖MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乳果糖毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LS6965000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Fructofuranose, 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-, D-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 4618-18-2

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0093773

LAST UPDATED :: 199706

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 16

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C12-H22-O11

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 342.34

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6OTJ B1Q CQ DQ EQ FO- DT5OTJ BQ B1Q CQ E1Q

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 40 mg/kg/3D

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium

REFERENCE :: DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,70,1984

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 18160 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: NYKZAU Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. (Nippon Yakuri Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu Yakurigaku Kyoshitsu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.40- 1944- Volume(issue)/page/year: 96,301,1990

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 16 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: BCFAAI Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. (Societa Editoriale Farmaceutica, Via Ausonio 12, 20123 Milan, Italy) V.33- 1894- Volume(issue)/page/year: 115,596,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 33500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 13500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 31 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 15800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 29600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 9960 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD - Lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: >12 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 24 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 648 gm/kg/6W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2592 gm/kg/24W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Blood - normocytic anemia Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 864 gm/kg/12W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from small intestine Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - dehydration Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho. Clinical Report. (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,3517,1973 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3711 No. of Facilities: 87 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 2324 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1102 (estimated)

乳果糖安全信息

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xi

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
LS6965000

乳果糖合成路线

详细合成路线

乳果糖上下游产品

乳果糖上游产品

乳果糖下游产品

乳果糖制备

1.以乳糖为原料，用氢氧化钠为异构化剂经反应而得。

2.由乳糖在碱的作用下异构化而得。主要成分异构化乳糖含量50%以上，水分30%，其余为未反应的乳糖及其分解产物果糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖。

3.由乳糖在碱的作用下异构化而得。

乳果糖文献

Substrates specialization in lipid compounds and hydrocarbons of Marinobacter genus.

Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 22 , 15347-59, (2015)

The impact of petroleum contamination and of burrowing macrofauna on abundances of Marinobacter and denitrifiers was tested in marine sediment mesocoms after 3 months incubation. Quantification of thi...

Simultaneous gas-chromatographic urinary measurement of sugar probes to assess intestinal permeability: use of time course analysis to optimize its use to assess regional gut permeability.

Clin. Chim. Acta 442 , 24-32, (2015)

Measurement of intestinal permeability is important in several diseases but currently several methods are employed. We sought to: (1) develop a new GC based method to measure urinary mannitol, lactulo...

Improvement of efficiency in the enzymatic synthesis of lactulose palmitate.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 63(14) , 3716-24, (2015)

Sugar esters are considered as surfactants due to its amphiphilic balance that can lower the surface tension in oil/water mixtures. Enzymatic syntheses of these compounds are interesting both from eco...

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乳果糖