硝化甘油
硝化甘油用途
用途二:该品为具有较广抗菌谱的杀菌剂。作为抗感染类药物,对多种革兰氏阳性及阴性的大肠杆菌,炭疽杆菌,副伤寒杆菌等有效,用于治疗细菌性痢疾,肠炎,也有用于阴道感染,近年用于治疗伤寒,疗效较好。作为动物药品和饮料添加剂,对沙门氏菌,如小鸡白痢菌和大肠杆菌等具有特殊的抗菌作用,对原虫(球虫病菌等)也有一定作用,而且不易出现抗药性。呋喃唑酮少量用于基他应用领域(如水溶性涂料和纸浆)作杀菌剂。
用途三:抗感染类药,用于肠道内抗感染
硝化甘油名称
[ CAS 号 ]:
55-63-0
[ 中文名 ]:
硝化甘油
[ 英文名 ]:
Nitroglycerin
[中文别名 ]:
[英文别名 ]:
- trinitroglycerol
- Perfluoroammonia
- Trifluorammonia
- Trifluoroammonia
- nitrogliycerine
- nitrogen fluoride
- nitroglycerol
- glycerine trinitrate
- glycerol trinitrate
- trifluoramine
硝化甘油物理化学性质
[ 密度 ]:
1.671 g/cm3
[ 沸点 ]:
295.8ºC at 760 mmHg
[ 熔点 ]:
144 - 146ºC
[ 分子式 ]:
C3H5N3O9
[ 分子量 ]:
227.08600
[ 闪点 ]:
12°C
[ 精确质量 ]:
227.00300
[ PSA ]:
165.15000
[ LogP ]:
0.54950
[ 外观性状 ]:
无色至黄色粘性液体或淡黄色晶体
[ 折射率 ]:
1.4777 (7.7ºC)
[ 储存条件 ]:
轻装轻放,库房通风、远离明火、高温、阳光,与氧化剂、易燃物,食品原料分开存放
硝化甘油MSDS
硝化甘油毒性和生态
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- QX2100000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Nitroglycerin
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 55-63-0
- BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
- 1802063
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199806
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 70
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C3-H5-N3-O9
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 227.11
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- WNO1YONW1ONW
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - headache Cardiac - pulse rate Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 8 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Cardiac - pulse rate Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 51429 ug/kg/2D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Brain and Coverings - encephalitis Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction) Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - corneal damage
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 105 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- >29200 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 102 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 94 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 23200 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - ataxia
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 115 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- >35200 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 104 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 110 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 10600 ug/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 19 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - hemorrhage Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 150 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Blood - normocytic anemia
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1607 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- >280 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 189 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 400 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 45 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - species unspecified
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 230 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1500 mg/kg/30D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 25480 mg/kg/26W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - other changes Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in platelet count
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 825 mg/kg/33D-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1575 mg/kg/13W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in potassium Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 300 mg/kg/30D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in platelet count
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 4900 mg/kg/5W-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 36500 mg/kg/2Y-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 438 gm/kg/2Y-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- DOSE :
- 3640 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 17-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 11 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 7-17 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 220 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 7-17 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 2580 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 91 day(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 7 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- DOSE :
- 520 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 17 day(s) after conception - 20 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Mutation in microorganisms
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium
- REFERENCE :
- CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,77,1977 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.46 mg/m3 (0.05 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year: AD778-725 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):CL 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):CL 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):CL 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):CL 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.02 ppm (0.2 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.05 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.05 ppm (0.46 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.02 ppm (0.2 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.9 mg/m3);STEL 0.3 ppm (3 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.15 ppm (1.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.05 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.5 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:STEL 0.05 ppm (0.45 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.05 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.1 ppm (0.9 mg/m3);STEL 0.3 ppm (3 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.05 ppm (0.5 mg/m3);STEL 0.1 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.2 ppm (2 mg/m3);STEL 0.2 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO NITROGLYCERIN-air:STEL 0.1 mg/m3 (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 50890 No. of Facilities: 413 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 4331 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 50890 No. of Facilities: 384 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 38471 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 29144 (estimated)
硝化甘油安全信息
[ 符号 ]:
GHS02
[ 信号词 ]:
Danger
[ 危害声明 ]:
H225
[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P370 + P378-P403 + P235
[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
E,T+,N
[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11
[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S7-S16-S61-S45-S36/37-S35-S33
[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
1993
[ 包装等级 ]:
I
[ 危险类别 ]:
1.1A
硝化甘油上下游产品
硝化甘油上游产品
硝化甘油下游产品
硝化甘油制备
于20℃以下,甘油与混酸酯化,经洗涤得到纯品。通常产品为乙醇的10%或1%溶液。
硝化甘油文献
Biochem. Pharmacol. 93(4) , 440-8, (2015)
The vascular bioactivation of the antianginal drug nitroglycerin (GTN), yielding 1,2-glycerol dinitrate and nitric oxide or a related activator of soluble guanylate cyclase, is catalyzed by aldehyde d...
Society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists: the effect of blood pressure regulation during aortic coarctation repair on brain, kidney, and muscle oxygen saturation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy: a randomized, clinical trial.Anesth. Analg. 116(4) , 760-6, (2013)
In this study, we compared the effects of 3 frequently used arterial blood pressure-regulating agents on brain (rScO2), renal (SrO2), and muscle (SmO2) oxygen saturation, during aortic coarctation rep...
Transdermal nitroglycerin for the treatment of preterm labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis.Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 209(6) , 551.e1-551.e18, (2013)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transdermal nitroglycerin as a tocolytic agent in women with preterm labor.We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of ran...
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