马来酸噻吗洛尔

[1]. Deepika Aggarwal, Indu P. Kaur. Improved pharmacodynamics of timolol maleate from a mucoadhesive niosomal ophthalmic drug delivery system. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2005, 290(1-2): 155-159.

[2]. Mandagere AK, Thompson TN, Hwang KK. Graphical model for estimating oral bioavailability of drugs in humans and other species from their Caco-2 permeability and in vitro liver enzyme metabolic stability rates. J Med Chem. 2002;45(2):304-11.

[3]. A.H El-Kamel. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of Pluronic F127-based ocular delivery system for timolol maleate. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2002, 241, (1) :47-55.

[4]. Konstas AG, Maltezos AC, Gandi S, et al. Comparison of 24-hour intraocular pressure reduction with two dosing regimens of latanoprost and timolol maleate in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. American Journal of Ophthalmology .1999, 128(1):15-20.

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

432.55

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T6N DOTJ A- DT5NSNJ EO1YQ1MX1&1&1 &QV1U1VQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Ocular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

39 mg/kg/87W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

REFERENCE :

AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 143,1627,1983

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Ocular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

5 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

REFERENCE :

JFAPDE Journal of Family Practice. (Appleton and Lange, East Norwalk, CT) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,97,1991

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1028 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,464,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

381 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,1393,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

881 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,464,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1137 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,1204,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,1393,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

805 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,1204,1981 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

52500 mg/kg/25W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,1393,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3500 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in spleen

REFERENCE :

YKYUA6 Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. (Nanzando, 4-1-11, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) V.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 32,1393,1981 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3219 No. of Facilities: 82 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 5070 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2032 (estimated)