Gramicidin TFA

Names

[ Name ]:
Gramicidin TFA

[Synonym ]:
GRAMICIDIN (gramicidin A shown)
N-Formyl-L-valylglycyl-L-alanyl-D-leucyl-L-alanyl-D-valyl-L-valyl-D-valyl-L-tryptophyl-D-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-D-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-D-leucyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-tryptophanamide
L-Tryptophanamide, N-formyl-L-valylglycyl-L-alanyl-D-leucyl-L-alanyl-D-valyl-L-valyl-D-valyl-L-tryptophyl-D-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-D-leucyl-L-tryptophyl-D-leucyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-
GRAMICIDINE
GRAMICIDIN

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Gramicidin is an antimicrobial peptide assembling as channels in membranes and increasing their permeability towards cations.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Research Areas >> Infection

[Target]

Bacterial[1]

[In Vitro]

Gramicidin is an antimicrobial peptide assembling as channels in membranes and increasing their permeability towards cations. There is poor Gramicidin activity against E. coli and S. cerevisae as shown from the survival of microbes (%) over a range of Gramicidin concentrations, in contrast with the action of Gramicidin on S. aureus. The microbicidal activity occurs over a range of low Gramicidin and DODAB concentrations which are not toxic to S. cerevisae[1].

[Cell Assay]

Microbes and dispersions are mixed and interacted for one hour before being diluted up to 20,000-fold for plating of 0.1 mL of each in triplicate and incubation (24 hours for 37°C) for CFU counting. Cell survival (%), taken as the mean±standard deviation, is plotted against DODAB and/or Gramicidin concentration. As a control for cell viability in the absence of DODAB or DODAB/Gramicidin dispersions, a standard bacterial suspension is added to 0.264 M D-glucose solution, diluted, and spreaded on the agar plate[1].

[References]

[1]. Ragioto DA, et al. Novel gramicidin formulations in cationic lipid as broad-spectrum microbicidal agents. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014 Jun 30;9:3183-92.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Melting Point ]:
229-230℃

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₉₉H₁₄₀N₂₀O₁₇

[ Molecular Weight ]:
1882.29000

[ Exact Mass ]:
1881.07000

[ PSA ]:
548.99000

[ LogP ]:
11.26260

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0mmHg at 25°C

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
Practically insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in alcohol | Soluble in acetic acid and lower alcohols. Practically insoluble in water.

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn

[ Risk Phrases ]:
20/21-36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
26-36-24/25-22

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
MD8225000

Articles

Unsaturated lipids protect the integral membrane peptide gramicidin A from singlet oxygen

FEBS Lett. 588(9) , 1590-5, (2014)

• Unsaturated lipids protect gramicidin channels from photosensitized inactivation. • Photosensitizer binding to membrane is independent of lipid unsaturation. • Double bonds in lipids reduce gramicid...

The contribution of raised intraneuronal chloride to epileptic network activity.

J. Neurosci. 35 , 7715-26, (2015)

Altered inhibitory function is an important facet of epileptic pathology. A key concept is that GABAergic activity can become excitatory if intraneuronal chloride rises. However, it has proved difficu...

Inversion of membrane surface charge by trivalent cations probed with a cation-selective channel.

Langmuir 28(45) , 15824-30, (2012)

We demonstrate that the cation-selective channel formed by gramicidin A can be used as a reliable sensor for studying the multivalent ion accumulation at the surfaces of charged lipid membranes and th...