Ketoconazole

Modify Date: 2024-01-02 11:35:49

Ketoconazole Structure
Ketoconazole structure
 Common Name Ketoconazole
CAS Number 65277-42-1 Molecular Weight 531.431
Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 753.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C26H28Cl2N4O4 Melting Point 146°C
MSDS Chinese USA Flash Point 409.4±32.9 °C
Symbol GHS06 GHS08 GHS09
GHS06, GHS08, GHS09		 Signal Word Danger

 Use of Ketoconazole


Ketoconazole is an imidazole anti-fungal agent, a CYP3A4 and CYP24A1 inhibitor.Target: CYP3A4 CYP24A1Ketoconazole, an imidazole anti-fungal agent, has often produced features of androgen deficiency including decreased libido, gynecomastia, impotence, oligospermia, and decreased testosterone levels, in men being treated for chronic mycotic infections [1]. Ketoconazole also is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor [2].Ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver.[3] CYP24A1 inhibitor enhances antiproliferative effects, increases systemic calcitriol exposure, and promotes the activation of caspase-independent apoptosis pathway.[4]

 Names

Name Ketoconazole
Synonym More Synonyms

 Ketoconazole Biological Activity

Description Ketoconazole is an imidazole anti-fungal agent, a CYP3A4 and CYP24A1 inhibitor.Target: CYP3A4 CYP24A1Ketoconazole, an imidazole anti-fungal agent, has often produced features of androgen deficiency including decreased libido, gynecomastia, impotence, oligospermia, and decreased testosterone levels, in men being treated for chronic mycotic infections [1]. Ketoconazole also is a cytochrome P450 inhibitor [2].Ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver.[3] CYP24A1 inhibitor enhances antiproliferative effects, increases systemic calcitriol exposure, and promotes the activation of caspase-independent apoptosis pathway.[4]
Related Catalog
References

[1]. Seif El-Din SH, et al. Effect of ketoconazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, on the efficacy of quinine and halofantrine against Schistosoma mansoni in mice. Korean J Parasitol. 2013 Apr;51(2):165-75.

[2]. Eil C. Ketoconazole binds to the human androgen receptor. Horm Metab Res. 1992 Aug;24(8):367-70.

[3]. Muindi JR et al. CYP24A1 inhibition enhances the antitumor activity of calcitriol. Endocrinology. 2010 Sep;151(9):4301-12.

 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 753.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 146°C
Molecular Formula C26H28Cl2N4O4
Molecular Weight 531.431
Flash Point 409.4±32.9 °C
Exact Mass 530.148743
PSA 69.06000
LogP 3.55
Vapour Pressure 0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.642

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
TK7912300
CHEMICAL NAME :
Piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-(4-((2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol -1-ylmethyl)-1,3-diox olan- 4-yl)methoxy)phenyl)-, cis-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
65277-42-1
LAST UPDATED :
199612
DATA ITEMS CITED :
31
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C26-H28-Cl2-N4-O4
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
531.48
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T6N DNTJ AV1 DR DO1- DT5O COTJ BR BG DG& B1- AT5N CNJ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
45 mg/kg/17D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
412 mg/kg/15W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - coma Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse Liver - jaundice, other or unclassified
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
264 mg/kg/66D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - child
DOSE/DURATION :
450 mg/kg/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - evidence of thyroid hypofunction Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
49 mg/kg/17D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
60 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
166 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1474 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
>2400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
86 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
618 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2937 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>4 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
32 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
178 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
23300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
178 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
23300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
1200 mg/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes Liver - changes in liver weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1029 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 60 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - other effects on male Endocrine - androgenic
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
6480 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 9 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - mating performance (e.g. # sperm positive females per # females mated; # copulations per # estrus cycles) Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
600 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 3 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
3240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 9 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
880 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
1040 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 17-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - other effects on male
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
520 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM :
Human Cells - not otherwise specified
DOSE/DURATION :
1 umol/L
REFERENCE :
TUMOAB Tumori. (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Via G. Frua 6, 20146 Milan, Italy) V.1- 1911- Volume(issue)/page/year: 77,385,1991 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6059 No. of Facilities: 30 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 1045 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 620 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS06 GHS08 GHS09
GHS06, GHS08, GHS09
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H301-H360F-H373-H410
Precautionary Statements P201-P273-P301 + P310-P308 + P313-P501
Personal Protective Equipment Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges
Hazard Codes T:Toxic;
Risk Phrases R25
Safety Phrases S36-S45
RIDADR UN 2811 6.1/PG 3
WGK Germany 3
RTECS TK7912300
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 6.1(b)
HS Code 2933990090

 Customs

HS Code 2933990090
Summary 2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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 Synonyms

(2R,4S)-ketoconazole
Brizoral
Ketoconazole
Onofin K
Nizral
Ethanone, 1-[4-[4-[[(2R,4S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]-
1-[4-(4-{[(4S)-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone
Fitonal
1-[4-(4-{[(2R,4S)-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanone
MFCD00058579
Fungarest
EINECS 265-667-4
1-[4-(4-{[(2R,4S)-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone
piperazine, 1-acetyl-4-[4-[[(2R,4S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-
1-Acetyl-4-(4-{[(2R,4S)-2-(2,4-dichlorphenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazin
cis-1-Acetyl-4-[4-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]piperazine
Fungoral
Ketoisdin
PANFUNGOL
Ketoderm
kw-1414
NIZORAL
Orifungal M
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Related Compounds: More...
Ketoconazole
79156-75-5
Ketoconazole-d3
1217766-70-5
Ketoconazole-d8
1217706-96-1
(+)-Ketoconazole
142128-59-4
(-)-Ketoconazole
142128-57-2
Oleoylketoconazole
121917-58-6
Deacylketoconazole
67914-61-8
rac-trans-Ketoconazole
83374-59-8
Ketoconazole Impurity 17
2095256-87-2
Chemsrc provides Ketoconazole(CAS#:65277-42-1) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. Articles of Ketoconazole are included as well.>> amp version: Ketoconazole

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