PACAP(6-38), human, ovine, rat
PACAP(6-38), human, ovine, rat structure
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Common Name | PACAP(6-38), human, ovine, rat | ||
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| CAS Number | 137061-48-4 | Molecular Weight | 4534.26 | |
| Density | N/A | Boiling Point | N/A | |
| Molecular Formula | C203H331N63O53S | Melting Point | N/A | |
| MSDS | USA | Flash Point | N/A | |
Use of PACAP(6-38), human, ovine, ratPACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat is a neuropeptide with 38 amino acid residues. PACAP (1-38) binds to PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2 with IC50s of 4 nM, 2 nM, and 1 nM, respectively. |
| Name | PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat |
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| Description | PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat is a neuropeptide with 38 amino acid residues. PACAP (1-38) binds to PACAP type I receptor, PACAP type II receptor VIP1, and PACAP type II receptor VIP2 with IC50s of 4 nM, 2 nM, and 1 nM, respectively. |
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| Related Catalog | |
| Target |
IC50: 4 nM (PACAP type I receptor), 2 nM (PACAP type II receptor VIP1), and 1 nM (PACAP type II receptor VIP2)[1] |
| In Vitro | PACAP (1-38), human, ovine, rat is a fragment of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide[1]. PACAP (1-38) shows high affinity for PACAP specific (PAC1) receptor in membranes from various tissues including the endocrine pancreas[2]. In vitro, PACAP (1-38) relaxes guinea-pig and rabbit tracheal smooth muscle precontracted by histamine and by acetylcholine. PACAP (1-38) also increases adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in tracheal smooth muscle, providing a possible mechanism for the relaxant effect of PACAP (1-38)[3]. |
| In Vivo | PACAP (1-38) alone in sham animals does not result in changes in any of the retinal layers. PACAP (1-38) dissolved in solutio ophthalmica cum benzalkonio leads to significant protection in the retina in bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO)-lesioned retinas; retinas treated with PACAP (1-38) eye drops have preserved structure compared to control retinas. OLM-ILM (outer limiting membrane-inner limiting membrane) distance is reduced by 49.7% (p<0.001) in BCCAO retinas compared to sham controls, but it is only 40.6% (p<0.001) in the eyes treated with PACAP (1-38) eye drops. A protection to a similar degree is found in the inner nuclear layer (INL) (BCCAO: 38.5%, PACAP (1-38): 30.5%; p<0.001), and inner plexiform layer (IPL) (BCCAO: 64.8%, PACAP (1-38): 38.2%; p<0.05), while no statistically significant attenuation of the damage is observed in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) (BCCAO: 36.5%, PACAP (1-38): 37.7%) or outer plexiform layer (OPL) (BCCAO: 53.0%, PACAP (1-38): 48.2%). The number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) is significantly decreased after BCCAO by 52.4% (p<0.05) and is significantly ameliorated by PACAP (1-38) eye drops (decreased by 25.9%; p<0.05)[4]. |
| Animal Admin | Rats[4] Wistar rats (n=20:n=12 for histological analysis, n=8 for immunohistochemical analysis) weighing 250-300 are fed and watered ad libitum, under light/dark cycles of 12/12 h. Directly after the operation within 1 min, the right eye is treated with PACAP (1-38) eye drops (1 µg/drop). The vehicle used is benzalkonium-chloride in a concentration of 0.005%, as it is the most effective vehicle to achieve neuroprotection with PACAP1-27 eye drops. The left eye serves as a control, treated only with the vehicle. A group of animals serve as the sham-operated group that undergo anesthesia and all steps of the surgical procedure except ligation of the carotid arteries. Rats are treated twice a day with one drop, for 5 consecutive days[4]. |
| References |
| Molecular Formula | C203H331N63O53S |
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| Molecular Weight | 4534.26 |
| Personal Protective Equipment | Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter |
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| RIDADR | NONH for all modes of transport |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
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Epac2 contributes to PACAP-induced astrocytic differentiation through calcium ion influx in neural precursor cells.
BMB Rep. 49 , 128-33, (2016) Astrocytes play a critical role in normal brain functions and maintaining the brain microenvironment, and defects in astrocytogenesis during neurodevelopment could give rise to severe mental illness a... |
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The role of VIP/PACAP receptor subtypes in spinal somatosensory processing in rats with an experimental peripheral mononeuropathy.
Neuropharmacology 38 , 167-180, (1999) Peripheral nerve damage often results in the development of chronic pain states, resistant to classical analgesics. Since vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activa... |
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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 38 a potent endogenously produced dilator of human airways.
Eur. Respir. J. 15 , 243-247, (2000) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) 38 displays several biological activities relevant to obstructive airway disease. In this study, the occurrence of PACAP 38 in human small bronch... |