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55-98-1

55-98-1 structure
55-98-1 structure

Name busulfan
Synonyms 4-methylsulfonyloxybutyl methanesulfonate
Myelosan
Misulban
1,4-Butanediyl dimethanesulfonate
Mitosan
Tetramethylenester kyseliny methansulfonove [Czech]
butane-1,4-diyl di(methanesulfonate)
Butan-1,4-diyldimethansulfonat
1,4-Butanediol Dimesylate
Busulfan
4-((Methylsulfonyl)oxy)butyl methanesulfonate
tetramethylene di(methanesulfonate)
Leucosulfan
Myleran
UNII-G1LN9045DK
2041 C.B.
Busulfex
(1,4-Bis(methanesulfonyloxy)butane)
Mitostan
1,4-Di(methanesulfonyloxy)butane
busulphan
Myeloleukon
1,4-Butanediol, dimethanesulfonate
Mylecytan
Butane-1,4-diyl dimethanesulfonate
Methanesulfonic Acid Tetramethylene Ester
Mielucin
MFCD00007562
EINECS 200-250-2
Description Busulfan is a potent alkylator, with chemotherapeutic activity.
Related Catalog
Target

DNA Alkylator[1]

In Vitro Busulfan is a potent alkylating agent, and used as a chemotherapeutic agent. Busulfan (120 μM) results in premature senescence in WI38 cells via the Erk and p38 MAPK pathway, reduces GSH and increases ROS production, but the production can be suppressed by NADPH oxidase[1].
In Vivo Busulfan (40 mg/kg, i.p) increases apoptosis and decreases the testis weight in mice. The testes of Busulfan-treated mice exhibits higher level of pRB expression, inhibits Rb phosphorylation and PCNA expression compared to the control[2]. Busulfan (2.5, 5.0 mg/kg, i.p.) causes earlier occurrence of persistent esturs in a dose dependent manner in rats. Busulfan (5.0 mg/kg) also increases the incidence of uterine adenocarcinomas and multiplicity of uterine neoplastic lesions. In addition, Busulfan decreases the serum 17β-estradiol(E2), progesterone and inhibin levels in rats, and elevates the E2/progesterone ratio only at 5.0 mg/kg[3].
Cell Assay WI38 cells are seeded in wells of a 24-well plate at 60,000 cells/well and cultured overnight. They are treated with Busulfan for 24 h, after which the drug is removed and the cells are cultured in fresh medium for up to 11 d. Untreated cells are used as control. Every 3 d the cells are trypsinized, counted and sub-cultured in a fresh medium at 1:5 and 1:2 dilutions for control untreated and Busulfan-treated cells, respectively[1].
Animal Admin Mice[2] One hundred twenty ICR male mice ranging in age from 8 to 12 weeks (30-40 g) are used. Eight-week-old ICR male mice receive a single intraperitoneal injection of Busulfan (40 mg/kg) diluted in sesame oil. The mice are housed in wire cages at 22 ± 1°C under a 12-h light-dark cycle with 70% humidity and fed ad libitum[2].
References

[1]. Probin V, et al. Busulfan-induced senescence is dependent on ROS production upstream of the MAPK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007 Jun 15;42(12):1858-65. Epub 2007 Mar 31.

[2]. Choi YJ, et al. Murine male germ cell apoptosis induced by busulfan treatment correlates with loss of c-kit-expression in a Fas/FasL- and p53-independent manner. FEBS Lett. 2004 Sep 24;575(1-3):41-51.

[3]. Yoshida M, et al. Reduction of primordial follicles caused by maternal treatment with busulfan promotes endometrial adenocarcinoma development in donryu rats. J Reprod Dev. 2005 Dec;51(6):707-14. Epub 2005 Sep 22.

Density 1.4±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 464.0±28.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 114-117 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula C6H14O6S2
Molecular Weight 246.302
Flash Point 234.4±24.0 °C
Exact Mass 246.023178
PSA 103.50000
LogP -0.52
Vapour Pressure 0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.471
Storage condition Hygroscopic, Refrigerator, Under Inert Atmosphere
Stability Moisture Sensitive
Water Solubility Decomposes

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
EK1750000
CHEMICAL NAME :
1,4-Butanediol, dimethanesulfonate
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
55-98-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1791786
LAST UPDATED :
199710
DATA ITEMS CITED :
139
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C6-H14-O6-S2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
246.32
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
WS1&O4OSW1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
80 mg/kg/8Y
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Vascular - regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation Gastrointestinal - changes in structure or function of salivary glands
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
8 mg/kg/2D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
15 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
18 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - other changes Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
22 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1800 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
10 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
110 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Skin and Appendages - hair
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
86 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
63 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
46 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
8 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - leukopenia Blood - agranulocytosis Blood - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Primate - monkey
DOSE/DURATION :
8 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - leukopenia Blood - agranulocytosis Blood - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Bird - wild bird species
DOSE/DURATION :
56200 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
45 mg/kg/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - normocytic anemia Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg/5D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - leukopenia Gastrointestinal - ulceration or bleeding from duodenum Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
5684 ug/kg/21W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
48 mg/kg/42D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Blood - leukemia Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1200 mg/kg/8W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
70 mg/kg/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - aplastic anemia Blood - leukemia
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
1140 mg/kg/9Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - other reproductive system tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
16720 ug/kg/2Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - uterine tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
17 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 4-36 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - eye/ear Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - endocrine system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
17 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 4-36 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5400 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 90 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - breast development
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
8460 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 22 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
5280 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14-26 week(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - gastrointestinal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
4400 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 4 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
48 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5600 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 13 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
8 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 11-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
49 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 49 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
6 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
1 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 2 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
6 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
100 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
240 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
160 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 8-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
20 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Fertility - other measures of fertility
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
30 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 10 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - blood and lymphatic systems (including spleen and marrow)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
25 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
10 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
32 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - hepatobiliary system Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - urogenital system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
40 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
8 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
4 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
TYPE OF TEST :
Specific locus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Heritable translocation test
TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sperm Morphology
TYPE OF TEST :
Sperm Morphology
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TYPE OF TEST :
Dominant lethal test
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Specific locus test
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Dominant lethal test
TYPE OF TEST :
Sperm Morphology
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION :
40 mg/L
REFERENCE :
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 43,577,1983 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,247,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Human Sufficient Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,137,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,247,1974 IARC Cancer Review:Group 1 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,137,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EXHMA6 Experimental Hematology (New York). (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,101,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JAMAAP JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1883- Volume(issue)/page/year: 172,1765,1960 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW MIMDAL Minnesota Medicine. (Minnesota Medical Assoc., 2221 University Ave., SE, Suite 400, Minneapolis, MN 55414) V.1- 1918- Volume(issue)/page/year: 57,19,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1(1),93,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 32XPAD "Teratology," Berry, C.L., and D.E. Poswillo, eds., New York, Springer, 1975 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,49,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARVPAX Annual Review of Pharmacology. (Palo Alto, CA) V.1-15, 1961-75. For publisher information, see ARPTDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,447,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADVPA3 Advances in Pharmacology. (New York, NY) V.1-6, 1962-68. For publisher information, see AVPCAQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,263,1966 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW KMAUAI Klinische Monatsblaetter fuer Augenheilkunde. (Ferdinand Enke Verlag, POB 1304, D-7000 Stuttgart 1, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1- 1863- Volume(issue)/page/year: 170,818,1977 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4342 No. of Facilities: 74 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 1764 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 892 (estimated)
Symbol GHS02 GHS06 GHS08
GHS02, GHS06, GHS08
Signal Word Danger
Hazard Statements H225-H301 + H311 + H331-H370
Precautionary Statements P210-P260-P280-P301 + P310-P311
Hazard Codes T:Toxic
Risk Phrases R23/24/25;R36/37/38;R45;R46;R63
Safety Phrases S53-S36/37/39-S45-S28A
RIDADR UN 2811 6.1/PG 1
WGK Germany 3
RTECS EK1750000
Packaging Group III
Hazard Class 6.1(b)
HS Code 2942000000

~86%

55-98-1 structure

55-98-1

Literature: Ohta; Kohda; Kimoto; Okano; Kawazoe Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1988 , vol. 36, # 7 p. 2410 - 2416

~%

55-98-1 structure

55-98-1

Literature: US2013/211055 A1, ; Page/Page column ;

~%

55-98-1 structure

55-98-1

Literature: J. Gen. Chem. USSR (Engl. Transl.), , vol. 56, # 7 p. 1547 - 1558,1373 - 1382

~%

Detail
Literature: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, , vol. 631, p. 180 - 184

~%

55-98-1 structure

55-98-1

Literature: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, , vol. 631, p. 180 - 184

~%

55-98-1 structure

55-98-1

Literature: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, , vol. 631, p. 180 - 184
HS Code 2942000000