aldosterone

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
52-39-1

[ Name ]:
aldosterone

[Synonym ]:
11β,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-al
Pregn-4-en-18-al, 11,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-, (11β)-
(11β)-11,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-Pregn-4-en-18-al
Aldocorten
Aldocortene
(11b)-11,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-al
11-β,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-18-al
Aldocortin
MFCD00051136
Aldosterone
(11β)-11,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-18-al
d-Aldosterone
18-Oxocorticosterone
(11b)-11,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-18-al
18-Formyl-11b,21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
11b,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-pregn-4-en-18-al
11β,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,18,20-trione
(8S,9S,10R,11S,13R,14S,17S)-11-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10-methyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-13-carbaldehyde
Reichstein X
Elektrocortin
4-pregnen-11,21-diol-3,20-dione-18-al
EINECS 200-139-9
Electrocortin

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid. Aldosterone is a steroid hormone, and it is synthesized and secreted in response to renin-angiotensin system activation (RAS) or high dietary potassium by the zona glomerulosa (ZG) of the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone activity is dependent by the binding and activation of the cytoplasmic/nuclear mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) at cellular level[1][2].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Cardiovascular Disease

[Target]

Human Endogenous Metabolite

[In Vitro]

Aldosterone (1-1000 nM; 24 hours) inhibits interleukin-1β-stimulated nitrite production by vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner[3].

[In Vivo]

Aldosterone (1 mg/Kg+1% NaCl; i.h.; once daily for 3 weeks) significantly increases systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)[4]. Aldosterone (0.72 mg/kg/day; 14 days) causes a small increase ( 14 mmHg) in blood pressure in male mice[5]. Animal Model: Forty male Wistar rats[4] Dosage: 1 mg/Kg (+1% NaCl) Administration: i.h.; once daily for 3 weeks Result: Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were significantly higher in aldosterone-salt-treated animals.

[References]

[1]. Nanba K, et al. Aging and Adrenal Aldosterone Production. Hypertension. 2018 Feb;71(2):218-223.

[2]. Cannavo A, et al. Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor System in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Sep 19;2018:1204598.

[3]. Ikeda U, et al. Aldosterone inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells induced by interleukin-1 beta. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Jul 18;290(2):69-73.

[4]. Martín-Fernández B, et al. Beneficial effects of proanthocyanidins in the cardiac alterations induced by aldosterone in ratheart through mineralocorticoid receptor blockade. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 29;9(10):e111104.

[5]. Dinh QN, et al. Aldosterone-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain are mediated by the endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor. Brain Res. 2016 Apr 15;1637:146-153.

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
568.1±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
170-172ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₂₁H₂₈O₅

[ Molecular Weight ]:
360.444

[ Flash Point ]:
311.4±26.6 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
360.193665

[ PSA ]:
91.67000

[ LogP ]:
0.73

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±3.5 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.586

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TU4523000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Pregn-4-en-18-al, 11,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxo-, (11-beta)-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 52-39-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 3224996

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 5

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C21-H28-O5

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 360.49

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: L E5 B666 OV CU MUTJ A1 E1 FV1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 23 mg/kg

REFERENCE :: PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 141,14,1972 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3853 No. of Facilities: 46 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 279 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 46 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS02, GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H225-H302 + H312 + H332-H319

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P210-P280-P305 + P351 + P338

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
22-24/25-36-26

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 1648 3 / PGII

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
TU4523000

[ HS Code ]:
29372900

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 29372900

Articles

Cistrome of the aldosterone-activated mineralocorticoid receptor in human renal cells.

FASEB J. 29 , 3977-89, (2015)

Aldosterone exerts its effects mainly by activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a transcription factor that regulates gene expression through complex and dynamic interactions with coregulator...

Finerenone Impedes Aldosterone-dependent Nuclear Import of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Prevents Genomic Recruitment of Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1.

J. Biol. Chem. 290 , 21876-89, (2015)

Aldosterone regulates sodium homeostasis by activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Hyperaldosteronism leads todeleterious effects on the kidney, ...

Sodium homeostasis is preserved in a global 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mouse model.

Exp. Physiol. 100 , 1362-78, (2015)

What is the central question of this study? Glucocorticoids act in the kidney to promote salt and water retention. Renal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), by increasing local concentr...