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D-glutamine

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
5959-95-5

[ Name ]:
D-glutamine

[Synonym ]:
UNII-U5JDO2770Z
D-2-Aminoglutaramic acid
(2S)-2-((2S)-2-Aminopropanoylamino)-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
ZY1&VMYVQ2VZ &&L-L Form
glutaminic acid
D-Glutamic acid 5-amide
Gln
L-Ala-L-Gln
glutamine
L-Gln
Pentanoic acid, 2,5-diamino-5-oxo-, (S)-
L-Alanyl-L-glutamine
Levoglutamide
(S)-5-Amino-2-[(S)-2-aminopropanamido]-5-oxopentanoic acid
MFCD00065607
L-Glutamine,L-alanyl
2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid, (S)-
(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
Alanyl-glutamine,Glutamine-S
(2R)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid
Ala-Gln
L-(+)-Glutamine
2-Aminoglutaramic acid, L-
(S)-(+)-Glutamine
5-Hydroxy-5-imino-L-norvaline
2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
N(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine
Glutamine-S
Alanyl-glutamine
L-Norvaline, 5-hydroxy-5-imino-
L-Glutamic Acid g-Amide
H-D-Gln-OH
L-Glutamic acid γ-amide
N-L-alanyl-L-glutamine
L-Glutamine, N2-L-alanyl-
L-Glutamine
l-alanyl-l-glutamin
l-(+)-glutamic acid-5-amide
L-Glutamic acid 5-amide
H-Ala-Gln-OH
GLUTAMINE, L-
(2S)-5-Amino-2-{[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino}-5-oxopentanoic acid
L-Glutamine, L-alanyl-
S(+)-Glutamic acid 5-amide

Biological Activity

[Description]:

D-Glutamine is a cell-permeable D type stereoisomer of Glutamine.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy
Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Mitophagy
Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease
Natural Products >> Others

[In Vitro]

Glutamine is a key amino acid in the central nervous system (CNS), playing an important role in the glutamate/GABA-Glutamine cycle (GGC). In the GGC,Glutamine is transferred from astrocytes to neurons, where it will replenish the inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter pools[1]. D-Glutamine has been used to study its role in conferring protection against acetaldehyde-induced disruption of barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayer. Role of L-Glutamine in the protection of intestinal epithelium from acetaldehyde-induced disruption of barrier function is evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayer. L-Glutamine reduced the acetaldehyde-induced decrease in transepithelilal electrical resistance and increase in permeability to inulin and lipopolysaccharide in a time- and dose-dependent manner; D-Glutamine, L-aspargine, L-arginine, L-lysine, or L-alanine produced no significant protection. D-Glutamine also fails to influence the acetaldehyde-induced decrease in TER and increase in inulin flux. D-Glutamine or glutaminase inhibitor by themselves did not influence TER or inulin flux in control or acetaldehyde-treated cell monolayers. Lack of effect of D-Glutamine in protection from acetaldehyde indicates that the L-Glutamine-mediated protection is stereospecific[2].

[Cell Assay]

Effect of D-Glutamine and glutaminase inhibitor on acetaldehyde-induced permeability. Caco-2 cell monolayers are incubated for 4 h without or with acetaldehyde (600 μM) and L-Glutamine or D-Glutamine (2 mM) in the absence or presence of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-inulin flux are measured. Values are means±SE (n=6)[2].

[References]

[1]. Leke R, et al. The Glutamine Transporters and Their Role in the Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle. Adv Neurobiol. 2016;13:223-257.

[2]. Seth A, et al. L-Glutamine ameliorates acetaldehyde-induced increase in paracellular permeability in Caco-2 cellmonolayer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):G510-7.


[Related Small Molecules]

3-Methyladenine | SB203580 | U0126-EtOH | Acadesine (AICAR) | Brefeldin A | 17-AAG | Resveratrol | Melatonine | Curcumin | Salinomycin | ABT-737 | Quercetin | Celastrol | Hemin | Torkinib (PP242)

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
353.5±52.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C5H10N2O3

[ Molecular Weight ]:
146.145

[ Flash Point ]:
167.6±30.7 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
146.069138

[ PSA ]:
106.41000

[ LogP ]:
-1.28

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.564

MSDS

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi:Irritant;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R36/37/38

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26-S36/37/39

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ HS Code ]:
29241900

Precursor & DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2924199090

[ Summary ]:
2924199090. other acyclic amides (including acyclic carbamates) and their derivatives; salts thereof. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:30.0%

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Related Compounds