Solasodine

Solasodine(Purapuridine) is a poisonous alkaloid chemical compound that occurs in plants of the Solanaceae family. Solasodine showed selective cytotoxicity against cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and human myeloid leukemia cell line (U937).IC50 Value: 12.17 ± 3.3 uM (Hela cell line)[1]Target: Anticancerin vitro: Mouse embryonic teratocarcinoma P19 cells exposed to solasodine for 2 days followed by a 5-day washout differentiated into cholinergic neurons that expressed specific neuronal markers and displayed important axonal formation that continued growing even 30 days after treatment [2].in vivo: A 2-week infusion ofsolasodine into the left ventricle of the rat brain followed by a 3-week washout resulted in a significant increase in bromodeoxyuridine uptake by cells of the ependymal layer, subventricular zone, and cortex that co-localized with doublecortin immunostaining, demonstrating the proliferative and differentiating properties of solasodine on neuronal progenitors. Solasodine treatment in rats resulted in a dramatic increase in expression of the cholesterol- and drug-binding translocator protein in ependymal cells, suggesting a possible role played by neurosteroid production in solasodine-induced neurogenesis. In GAD65-GFP mice that express the green fluorescent protein under the control of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa promoter, solasodine treatment increased the number of GABAergic progenitors and neuroblasts generated in the subventricular zone and present in the olfactory migratory tract [2]. intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of solasodine (25 mg/kg) significantly delayed (p < 0.01) latency of hind limb tonic extensor (HLTE) phase in the PCT-induced convulsions. In the MES model, solasodine significantly reduced (p < 0.001) duration of HLTE at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p. in a dose-dependent manner [3]. Oral administration (80 mg/kg body wt/day for 30 days) of solasodine (extracted and isolated from the berries of the Solanum xanthocarpum) to intact dogs significantly decreased the epithelial cell height of cauda epididymides [4].

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> MDM-2/p53

Natural Products >> Alkaloid

Research Areas >> Cancer

[1]. Sarthak Bhattacharya, et al. Isolation of Solasodine from the Unripe Fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl.(Solanaceae) and it's Anti Cancer Activity against Hela and U937 Cell Lines.

[2]. Lecanu L, et al. The naturally occurring steroid solasodine induces neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience. 2011 Jun 2;183:251-64.

[3]. Chauhan K, et al. Anticonvulsant activity of solasodine isolated from Solanum sisymbriifolium fruits in rodents. Pharm Biol. 2011 Feb;49(2):194-9.

[4]. Gupta RS, et al. Effects of short-term treatment of solasodine on cauda epididymis in dogs. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002 Feb;40(2):169-73.

[5]. Akhtar S, et al. Evaluation and Elucidation Studies of Natural Aglycones for Anticancer Potential using Apoptosis-Related Markers: An In silico Study. Interdiscip Sci. 2018 Jun;10(2):297-310.

Pifithrin-α hydrobromide | RG7388 | Nutlin-3a | AMG232 | Pifithrin-β (hydrobromide) | Stylomycin aminonucleoside | RG7112 | APR-246 | NVP-HDM201 | SAR 405838 | RITA (NSC 652287) | NVP-CGM097 | Tenovin-1 | SJ 172550

DATA ITEMS CITED :

14

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C27-H43-N-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

413.71

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T F5 E5 B666 HXO OUTJ A1 E1 G1 RQ H-& BT6MXTJ E1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4978 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

REFERENCE :

PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1095,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

396 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

REFERENCE :

PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1095,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

27500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,469,1961

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

899 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

REFERENCE :

PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1095,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

103 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased

REFERENCE :

FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,719,1974

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - hamster

DOSE/DURATION :

1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,327,1978 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4250 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - interstitial nephritis Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 37,719,1974

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3375 mg/kg/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

REFERENCE :

PCJOAU Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal (English Translation). Translation of KHFZAN. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) No.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,1095,1977

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

120 mg/kg/8D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :

FATOAO Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). For English translation, see PHTXA6 and RPTOAN. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.2- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,469,1961 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

120 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-9 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

REFERENCE :

LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,1187,1973

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 30 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

REFERENCE :

IJANDP International Journal of Andrology. (Scriptor Publisher ApS, 15 Gasvaerksvej, DK-1656 Copenhagen V, Denmark) V.1- 1978- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,295,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

15 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 150 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

REFERENCE :

ANDRDQ Andrologia. (Grosse Verlag GmbH, Kurfuerstenstr. 112-113, D-1000 Berlin 30, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.6- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,542,1989

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1500 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

REFERENCE :

BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966- Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,522,1976

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1184 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System

REFERENCE :

RCOCB8 Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O. Box 966, Westbury, NY 11590) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,723,1976