AI3-22370

Ambenonium (WIN 8077) chloride is an orally active and reversible inhibitor of Acetyicholinesterase (AChE) with high affinity. Ambenonium chloride inhibits human AChE with an IC50 value of 0.7 nM (hAChE)[1][2].

Research Areas >> Others

Signaling Pathways >> Neuronal Signaling >> AChE

Acetylcholinesterase:0.7 nM (IC50)

Acetylcholinesterase:0.12 nM (Ki)

Butyrylcholinesterase:7 μM (IC50)

Ambenonium chloride inhibits Acetyicholinesterase (AChE) in a rapidly reversible method, and shows strong inhibition with inhibition constant Ki of 0.12 nM against hAChE[1]. Ambenonium chloride shows inhibitory effect towards BChE with an IC50 value of 7 μM (hBChE)[2].

Ambenonium chloride (6 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 30-60 d) results an adverse effect on neuromuscular transmission in long-term administration, and induces hypersensitivity to stimulation in myasthenia gravis mice modle[3]. Ambenonium chloride (6 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 14 d) decreases the number of AChR in motorend-plates[3]. Animal Model: Female Sprague Dawley rats (weight 250 g) with myasthenia gravis[3] Dosage: 6 mg/kg Administration: Oral gavage; daily; 14, 30, 60, 90, 360 days (Stop administration 24 h in advance) Result: Resulted general activity decreasing and hypersensity to stimulation in rats during day 30-60, but these behaviors disappeared on day 90. Induced degeneration and simplification of the postsynaptic folds, widening of the synaptic clefts, increased number of the postsynaptic vesicles, and reduction in the number of the AChR in the postsynaptic membrane on days 360.

[1]. Hodge AS, et al. Ambenonium is a rapidly reversible noncovalent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, with one of the highest known affinities. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 May. 41(5):937-42.

[2]. Komloova M, et al. Preparation, in vitro screening and molecular modelling of symmetrical bis-quinolinium cholinesterase inhibitors--implications for early myasthenia gravis treatment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Apr 15. 21(8):2505-9.

[3]. Hazama R, et al. Effects of long-term administration of ambenonium chloride on motor end-plate fine structure and acetylcholine receptor in rat. J Neurol Sci. 1981 Jul. 51(1):69-79.

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C28-H42-Cl2-N4-O2.2Cl

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

608.54

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

R1K2&2&2MVVM2K2&2&1R &G 2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

18500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,132,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4500 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,132,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2720 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,132,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

145 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,132,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

6300 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 128,307,1960

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

3700 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,132,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1510 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

NIIRDN Drugs in Japan (Ethical Drugs). (Yakugyo Jiho Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,132,1982

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

1600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - fasciculations Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :

JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 115,185,1955