melamine

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
108-78-1

[ Name ]:
melamine

[Synonym ]:
Theoharn
Teoharn
2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine
1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine, 1,6-dihydro-6-imino-
melamine
acetoguanamine
pluragard
2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine,Metformin impurity D,Ph Eur)
EINECS 203-615-4
2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine Monomer
MelaMine MonoMer
6-Imino-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Cymel
hicophorpr
2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine,sym-Triaminotriazine
cyanuramide
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triimine
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Melamin
MFCD00131581
Aero
2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Melamine is a metabolite of cyromazine. Melamine is a intermediate for the synthesis of melamine resin and plastic materials[1].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Others

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

[References]

[1]. Melamine

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.7±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
557.5±33.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
354 °C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₃H₆N₆

[ Molecular Weight ]:
126.120

[ Flash Point ]:
325.3±12.6 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
126.065392

[ PSA ]:
116.73000

[ LogP ]:
-1.37

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.826

[ Storage condition ]:
−20°C

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Nonflammable.

[ Water Solubility ]:
3 g/L (20 ºC)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OS0700000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Melamine

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 108-78-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0124341

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 30

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H6-N6

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 126.15

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6N CN ENJ BZ DZ FZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3161 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3248 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3296 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 32760 mg/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 58 ug/m3/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 93600 mg/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 195 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 197 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 162 gm/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 500 ug/m3

SEX/DURATION :: male 17 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

REFERENCE :: ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,342,1982 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,333,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,333,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,56,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ECIET* European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre. Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals. (Avenue Louise 250, B-63, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium) Volume(issue)/page/year: (1),-,1983 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81887 No. of Facilities: 1043 (estimated) No. of Industries: 32 No. of Occupations: 49 No. of Employees: 31892 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81887 No. of Facilities: 2132 (estimated) No. of Industries: 27 No. of Occupations: 44 No. of Employees: 43104 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 6239 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R20/21;R44

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S36/37

[ RIDADR ]:
3263

[ WGK Germany ]:
1

[ RTECS ]:
OS0700000

[ Packaging Group ]:
III

[ HS Code ]:
2933610000

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933610000

[ Summary ]:
2933610000 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine。supervision conditions:a(certificate of inspection for goods inward)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.5%。general tariff:20.0%

Articles

Validation of a rapid method of analysis using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry for nitrogen-rich adulterants in nutritional food ingredients.

J. Chromatogr. A. 1373 , 106-13, (2014)

A method for the rapid quantification of 9 potential nitrogen-rich economic adulterants (dicyandiamide, urea, biuret, cyromazine, amidinourea, ammeline, amidinourea, melamine, and cyanuric acid) in fi...

Colorimetric detection of melamine in milk by citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles.

Anal. Biochem. 456 , 43-9, (2014)

Here, we report a simple and sensitive colorimetric method for detection of melamine in milk using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs of 21-nm size were synthesized by the citrate reduction method. The...

Genotoxicity assessment of melamine in the in vivo Pig-a mutation assay and in a standard battery of assays.

Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 777 , 62-7, (2015)

The genotoxicity of melamine was evaluated with the combined Pig-a mutation/micronucleus assay, the bacterial reverse mutation assay, and the in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN). Five...