Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers by CuI-Catalyzed CO Bond Formation via Ullman Coupling: Assessing the Reactivity of Aryl Halides

X Zhang, F Liu, Z Wei, Z Wang

Index: Xuesheng Zhang; Liu, Fu; Wei, Zhongbo; Wang, Zunyao Letters in Organic Chemistry, 2013 , vol. 10, # 1 p. 31 - 36

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Abstract

Using cuprous iodide as the catalyst, aryl halides reacted with phenols to form diaryl ethers. The reaction conditions were optimized: aryl halides (1 equiv) reacted with phenol (1 equiv) at 130° C in DMF for 16 h with cuprous iodide (10 mol%), cesium carbonate (2.5 equiv) as the base, and tetramethylenediamine (5 mol%) as the ligand. Under the optimum conditions, reaction conversion with time was summarized. The structural parameters of four types of ...