Traditionally, stoichiometric, and even over-stoichiometric, amounts of metal oxides or metal salts, especially chromium(VI) reagents, are used as oxidizing reagents. 2 These procedures, which generate copious quantities of heavy metal wastes, are incompatible with environmental regulations. This has led to research interests in alternative procedures using catalytic amounts of transition metal, and a benign stoichiometric oxidants, such as FeCl 3 ...
