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三氯化铒是镧系元素卤化物的重要成员，在有机合成中最成熟的应用是作为一个温和的Lewis 酸催化剂。
三氯化铒在甲醇溶液中可以高效地催化醛的缩醛化反应。如果使用原甲酸三甲酯作为除水试剂的话，反应可以直接使用ErCl3·6H2O。该反应在室温下进行时，脂肪族醛只需数分钟就可定量地完成反应。芳香肪族醛在反应时间和产率上表现出稍稍偏低的活性 (式1)。在与醛完全相同的反应条件下，脂肪族酮可以定量地完成反应，而芳香肪族酮则几乎不反应。在明显的位阻情况下可以实现两种不同酮的选择性缩酮化反应 (式2)。
正是由于醛-酮结构差异和酮-酮结构差异对该反应表现出显著的选择性，所以可以实现含有醛-酮结构和酮-酮结构底物分子的选择性还原。与其它镧系元素卤化物比较，三氯化铒在该转化中具有最好选择性。在三氯化铒存在下，NaBH4可以选择性地还原醛-酮结构分子中的酮羰基成为醇，而醛羰基保持不变 (式3)。酮-酮结构分子有时具有更好的选择性 (式4)。
最近一篇论文报道显示，三氯化铒在催化醛腙与TMSCN的手性氰基化反应中表现出比同族其它氯化物更高的化学产率和光学产率。5% 摩尔用量的三氯化铒便可满足该反应需求 (式5)。
| 中文名 | 氯化铒(III) |
|---|---|
| 英文名 | Erbium(Iii) Chloride, Ultra Dry (Reo) |
| 英文别名 |
EINECS 233-385-0
Erbium(III) chloride trichloroerbium MFCD00010989 erbium chloride Erbium trichloride |
| 密度 | 4.1 g/mL at 25ºC(lit.) |
|---|---|
| 沸点 | 1500ºC |
| 熔点 | 774ºC(lit.) |
| 分子式 | Cl3Er |
| 分子量 | 273.618 |
| 闪点 | 1500ºC |
| 精确质量 | 270.836853 |
| LogP | 2.06850 |
| 外观性状 | 粉红色结晶 |
| 储存条件 | 室温，干燥 |
| 稳定性 | 在室温下可长期保存 |
| 分子结构 | 1、摩尔折射率：无可用的 2、摩尔体积（cm3/mol）：无可用的 3、等张比容（90.2K）：无可用的 4、表面张力（dyne/cm）：无可用的 5、介电常数：无可用的 6、极化率（10-24cm3）：无可用的 7、单一同位素质量：270.836858 Da 8、标称质量：271 Da 9、平均质量：273.618 Da |
| 计算化学 | 1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无 2.氢键供体数量:0 3.氢键受体数量:0 4.可旋转化学键数量:0 5.互变异构体数量:无 6.拓扑分子极性表面积0 7.重原子数量:4 8.表面电荷:0 9.复杂度:8 10.同位素原子数量:0 11.确定原子立构中心数量:0 12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0 13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0 14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0 15.共价键单元数量:1 |
| 更多 | 1. 性状：粉红色晶体。 2. 密度（g/mL,25℃）：4.100 3. 相对蒸汽密度（g/mL,空气=1）：未确定 4. 熔点（ºC）：774 5. 沸点（ºC,常压）：1500 6. 沸点（ºC,5.2kPa）：未确定 7. 折射率：未确定 8. 闪点（ºC）：未确定 9. 比旋光度（º）：未确定 10. 自燃点或引燃温度（ºC）：未确定 11. 蒸气压（kPa,20ºC）：未确定 12. 饱和蒸气压（kPa,60ºC）：未确定 13. 燃烧热（KJ/mol）：未确定 14. 临界温度（ºC）：未确定 15. 临界压力（KPa）：未确定 16. 油水（辛醇/水）分配系数的对数值：未确定 17. 爆炸上限（%,V/V）：未确定 18. 爆炸下限（%,V/V）：未确定 19. 溶解性：溶于水。稍溶于MeOH和THF，并常常在这些溶剂中使用。 |
Synonym:Erbium Trichloride Section 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Risk Phrases: None Listed. Section 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW
Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air).The toxicological properties of this material have not been fully investigated. Potential Health Effects Eye: May cause eye irritation. Skin: May cause skin irritation. Ingestion: May cause irritation of the digestive tract. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated. Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation. The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated. Chronic: No information found. Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES Eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid. Skin: Get medical aid. Flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Ingestion: Get medical aid. Do NOT induce vomiting. If conscious and alert, rinse mouth and drink 2-4 cupfuls of milk or water. Wash mouth out with water. Inhalation: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical aid. Notes to Physician: Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES General Information: As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Use agent most appropriate to extinguish fire. Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8. Spills/Leaks: Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Provide ventilation. Section 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid ingestion and inhalation. Storage: Store in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION Engineering Controls: Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate ventilation to keep airborne concentrations low. Exposure Limits CAS# 10138-41-7: Personal Protective Equipment Eyes: Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166. Skin: Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure. Clothing: Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Respirators: A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant respirator use. Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Physical State: Powder Color: pink Odor: Not available. pH: Not available. Vapor Pressure: Not available. Viscosity: Not available. Boiling Point: 1500 deg C Freezing/Melting Point: 774 deg C Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable. Flash Point: Not applicable. Explosion Limits, lower: Not available. Explosion Limits, upper: Not available. Decomposition Temperature: Solubility in water: soluble Specific Gravity/Density: 4.100 Molecular Formula: ErCl3 Molecular Weight: 273.61 Section 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Chemical Stability: Stable at room temperature in closed containers under normal storage and handling conditions. Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials, dust generation, excess heat. Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Oxidizing agents. Hazardous Decomposition Products: Irritating and toxic fumes and gases, oxides of chlorine. Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur. Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION RTECS#: CAS# 10138-41-7: KD8575000 LD50/LC50: CAS# 10138-41-7: Oral, mouse: LD50 = 4417 mg/kg. Carcinogenicity: Erbium(III) Chloride - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, or NTP. Other: See actual entry in RTECS for complete information. Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations. Section 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION IATA Not regulated as a hazardous material. IMO Not regulated as a hazardous material. RID/ADR Not regulated as a hazardous material. Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives Hazard Symbols: Not available. Risk Phrases: Safety Phrases: S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 28A After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. S 37 Wear suitable gloves. S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 10138-41-7: No information available. Canada CAS# 10138-41-7 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 10138-41-7 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List. US FEDERAL TSCA CAS# 10138-41-7 is listed on the TSCA inventory. SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A |
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毒理学数据: 1、急性毒性：大鼠腹腔LD50：4417 mg/kg；豚鼠腹腔LD50：128 mg/kg；小鼠腹腔LD50：226 mg/kg。 生态学数据: 通常对水体是稍微有害的，不要将未稀释或大量产品接触地下水，水道或污水系统，未经政府许可勿将材料排入周围环境。
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
HEALTH HAZARD DATAACUTE TOXICITY DATA
|
| 符号 |
GHS07 |
|---|---|
| 信号词 | Warning |
| 危害声明 | H315-H319-H335 |
| 警示性声明 | P261-P305 + P351 + P338 |
| 个人防护装备 | dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves |
| 危害码 (欧洲) | Xi: Irritant; |
| 风险声明 (欧洲) | R36/37/38 |
| 安全声明 (欧洲) | 26-37/39 |
| 危险品运输编码 | NONH for all modes of transport |
| WGK德国 | 2 |
| RTECS号 | KD8575000 |
|
~%
10138-41-7 |
| 文献：Thermochimica Acta, , vol. 320, # 1-2 p. 1 - 7 |
| 上游产品 1 | |
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| 下游产品 4 | |
