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| 中文名 | 氮化硅 |
|---|---|
| 英文名 | Silicon Nitride |
| 中文别名 |
四氮化三硅
纳米氮化硅 氮化硅粉末 纳米四氮化三硅 |
| 英文别名 |
Hexacyclo[3.1.1.0.0.0.0]trisilazane
EINECS 234-796-8 Silicon nitride MFCD00011230 Trisilicon tetranitride |
| 密度 | 2.8±0.1 g/cm3 |
|---|---|
| 熔点 | 1900 °C |
| 分子式 | N4Si3 |
| 分子量 | 140.283 |
| 精确质量 | 139.943069 |
| PSA | 12.96000 |
| 外观性状 | 略米色粉末 |
| 折射率 | 2.501 |
| 储存条件 | 常温密闭，阴凉通风干燥处。 |
| 稳定性 | 由于它具有金刚石型三维晶格结构，所以具有高温热稳定性、抗热震性、化学稳定性和良好的电绝缘性及质硬性。易溶于氢氟酸，不溶于冷、热水及稀酸，对于浓硫酸和浓氢氧化钠溶液作用也极缓慢。
氮化硅有α、β两种晶型。α-Si3N4为颗粒结晶，β-Si3N4为针状结晶体，两者均属六方晶系，相对密度3.18，莫氏硬度9，热膨胀系数小、化学稳定性好，并具有优良的抗氧化性。在1900℃分解为氮和硅。氮化硅的强度很高且耐高温，即使１２００℃的高温，其强度也不会改变，受热后不会熔成融体，一直到１９００℃才会分解，耐化学腐蚀性能，能耐几乎所有的无机酸以及多种有机酸的腐蚀；氮化硅坚硬、热膨胀系数小，热震稳定性极好，绝缘性好，化学性质稳定，机械强度很高。难氧化，可做成熔融Al，Pb，Mg，Sn的坩埚。 |
| 计算化学 | 1.疏水参数计算参考值（XlogP）:无 2.氢键供体数量:0 3.氢键受体数量:4 4.可旋转化学键数量:0 5.互变异构体数量:无 6.拓扑分子极性表面积13 7.重原子数量:7 8.表面电荷:0 9.复杂度:154 10.同位素原子数量:0 11.确定原子立构中心数量:0 12.不确定原子立构中心数量:0 13.确定化学键立构中心数量:0 14.不确定化学键立构中心数量:0 15.共价键单元数量:1 |
| 更多 | 1. 性状：灰色无定形粉末或晶体。 2. 密度（g/mL,25℃）：3.18 3. 熔点（ºC）：1900 |
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Section1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/MIXTURE Product identifiers Product name: Silicon nitride CAS-No.: 12033-89-5 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses: Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances Section2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification of the substance or mixture Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008. Classification according to EU Directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC Irritating to respiratory system. Label elements According to European Directive 67/548/EEC as amended. Hazard symbol(s) R-phrase(s) R37Irritating to respiratory system. S-phrase(s) S22Do not breathe dust. S24/25Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Other hazards - none Section3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Substances Formula: N4Si3 Molecular Weight: 140,28 g/mol ComponentConcentration Trisilicon tetranitride CAS-No.12033-89-5- EC-No.234-796-8 Section4. FIRST AID MEASURES Description of first aid measures If inhaled If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. In case of skin contact Wash off with soap and plenty of water. In case of eye contact Flush eyes with water as a precaution. If swallowed Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed no data available Section5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture nitrogen oxides (NOx), silicon oxides Advice for firefighters Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Further information no data available Section6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Environmental precautions Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Reference to other sections For disposal see section 13. Section7. HANDLING AND STORAGE Precautions for safe handling Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.Normal measures for preventive fire protection. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Specific end uses no data available Section8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION Control parameters Components with workplace control parameters Exposure controls Appropriate engineering controls General industrial hygiene practice. Personal protective equipment Eye/face protection Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Skin protection Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. Body Protection Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Respiratory protection Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Section9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Information on basic physical and chemical properties a) AppearanceForm: powder Colour: beige b) Odourno data available c) Odour Thresholdno data available d) pHno data available e) Melting point/freezingno data available point f) Initial boiling point and no data available boiling range g) Flash pointnot applicable h) Evaporation rateno data available i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available j) Upper/lowerno data available flammability or explosive limits k) Vapour pressureno data available l) Vapour densityno data available m) Relative density3,44 g/mL at 25 °C n) Water solubilityno data available o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available octanol/water p) Autoignitionno data available temperature q) Decompositionno data available temperature r) Viscosityno data available s) Explosive propertiesno data available t) Oxidizing propertiesno data available Other safety information no data available Section10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Reactivity no data available Chemical stability no data available Possibility of hazardous reactions no data available Conditions to avoid no data available Incompatible materials Strong oxidizing agents Hazardous decomposition products Other decomposition products - no data available Section11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Information on toxicological effects Acute toxicity no data available Skin corrosion/irritation no data available Serious eye damage/eye irritation no data available Respiratory or skin sensitization no data available Germ cell mutagenicity no data available Carcinogenicity IARC:No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC. Reproductive toxicity no data available Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure no data available Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure no data available Aspiration hazard no data available Potential health effects InhalationMay be harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. IngestionMay be harmful if swallowed. SkinMay be harmful if absorbed through skin. May cause skin irritation. EyesMay cause eye irritation. Signs and Symptoms of Exposure To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been thoroughly investigated. Additional Information RTECS: Not available Section12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Toxicity no data available Persistence and degradability no data available Bioaccumulative potential no data available Mobility in soil no data available Results of PBT and vPvB assessment no data available Other adverse effects no data available Section13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Waste treatment methods Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product. Section14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION UN number ADR/RID: -IMDG: -IATA: - UN proper shipping name ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods IMDG: Not dangerous goods IATA:Not dangerous goods Transport hazard class(es) ADR/RID: -IMDG: -IATA: - Packaging group ADR/RID: -IMDG: -IATA: - Environmental hazards ADR/RID: noIMDG Marine pollutant: noIATA: no Special precautions for user no data available SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION N/A SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION N/A |
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毒理学数据: 主要的刺激性影响： 在皮肤上面：可能引起发炎； 在眼睛上面：可能引起发炎； 致敏作用：没有已知的敏化现象。 生态学数据: 通常对水是不危害的，若无政府许可，勿将材料排入周围环境。
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| 个人防护装备 | dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves |
|---|---|
| 危害码 (欧洲) | Xi |
| 风险声明 (欧洲) | R37:Irritating to the respiratory system. |
| 安全声明 (欧洲) | S22-S24/25 |
| 危险品运输编码 | NONH for all modes of transport |
| WGK德国 | 3 |
1.主要有硅粉直接氮化法、二氧化硅还原法和氯化硅法。在大规模工业生产中，二氧化硅还原法更为人们所重视。
二氧化硅还原法二氧化硅粉末100份(重量份，下同)，混入炭黑35份，尿素树脂100份，然后加入800份水、0.1份氧化铝(作反应核用)、1份草酸铵和0.3份非离子表面活性剂(作分散剂)，进行强搅拌，并在搅拌中加入氨水调整Ph值为9.0。将此混合好的料浆喷雾干燥，所得干燥物在电炉中，在氮气氛中，在1480℃进行3 h氮化还原反应。再将还原反应产物于。720℃，在空气中进行脱炭处理，制得氮化硅粉末成品。
2.一般是用铁矾土，高岭土，黏土或其他含有Al2O3的物质添加一定量的碳，再在氮气气氛中加热到1300～1500℃，即得到产物Si3N4。其中使用的氮气一定要保证不含氧。
3.硅直接氮化法 将硅粉放在氮气、氨气或氢氮混合气中，加热至1200～1450℃直接氮化制得。在1200～1300℃反应可制得α相含量高的Ｓｉ３Ｎ４原始粉末，烧结成陶瓷时强度高。
4.二氧化硅还原法 以二氧化硅、氮气和炭为原料制备氮化硅，反应式如下。
将硅石（或正硅酸乙酯水解制得的二氧化硅）与炭按一定比例充分混合，通入氮气加热至1400℃氮化24h。反应温度超过1550℃会生成ＳｉＣ，因此需加入少量的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３来抑制ＳｉＣ的生成，反应后用盐酸除去含铁的化合物，该方法制得的原料粉中α相含量高，但粉末中常有少量的ＳｉＯ２杂质，这是有害的。
5.气相合成法 以四氯化硅和氨气为原料生产氮化硅，反应式如下。
将四氯化硅与无水氨气在０℃的己烷中反应生成亚氨基硅［Ｓｉ（ＮＨ）２］，氨基硅［Ｓｉ（ＮＨ２）４］和氯化铵沉淀，在真空中加热除去氯化铵之后，在惰性气体中加热分解生成氮化硅。
也可用硅烷（ＳｉＨ４）和氨气在1050～1350℃形成无定型Ｓｉ３Ｎ４，在1450℃形成α相氮化硅。