亚硝酸钾

亚硝酸钾用途

【用途一】
有机合成中用作还原剂．食品显色剂，化学试剂，还可用于制造苯胺染料及偶氮染料，医药，治金上用于镍钻分离．
【用途二】
用作分析试剂，也用于有机合成和钢铁的分析
【用途三】
肉类制品的发色剂；抗微生物剂。
与肉类肌肉中的肌红蛋白可形成呈红色的亚硝酸高铁肌红蛋白，从而达到保色(显色)作用。但如过量使用，可使血红色的卟啉环的α-次甲基硝基化。生成呈绿色的亚硝酸铁卟啉。
【用途四】
亚硝酸钾是我国允许使用的发色剂。它在肉中所含的乳酸的作用下游离出亚硝酸，进而分解出亚硝基(一N0)，后者能与肌红蛋白生成鲜红的亚硝基肌红蛋白而起护色的作用，并能产生特殊的风味。亚硝酸钾还能抑制多种厌氧性梭状芽孢菌，特别是对肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌有特殊的抑制作用。我国规定可用于腌制畜、禽肉类罐头和肉类制品，最大使用量0.15g/kg；残留量(以亚硝酸钠计)肉制品不得超过0.03g/kg，腌制盐水火腿，残留量为0.07g／kg，也可用于肉类罐头不得超过0.05g/ kg。
【用途五】
测定氨基酸、钴、碘、锶和脲。有机合成中用作还原剂．食品显色剂，还可用于制造苯胺染料及偶氮染料，医药，治金上用于镍钻分离．
【用途六】
农用示踪剂，也可作为氮源用于合成生物、医学研究所需15N标记示踪试剂。

亚硝酸钾名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
7758-09-0

[ 中文名 ]:
亚硝酸钾

[ 英文名 ]:
POTASSIUM NITRITE

[英文别名 ]:

MFCD00011408
EINECS 231-832-4
potassium,nitrite

亚硝酸钾物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1,92 g/cm3

[ 熔点 ]:
350 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
KNO₂

[ 分子量 ]:
85.10380

[ 精确质量 ]:
84.95660

[ PSA ]:
52.49000

[ LogP ]:
0.25060

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色至黄色晶体

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,轻装轻卸,与有机物、还原剂、硫、磷易燃物,食品原料分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stability Stable, but strong oxidizer - contact with combustible material may lead to fire. Incompatible with strong reducing agents, strong acids, combustible materials, cyanides, ammonium salts.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
不同温度(℃)时每100毫升水中的溶解克数: 279g/0℃;292g/10℃;306g/20℃;320g/30℃;329g/40℃ 348g/60℃;376g/80℃;390g/90℃;410g/100℃

亚硝酸钾MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

亚硝酸钾毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: TT3750000

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 7758-09-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 16

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: N-O2.K

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 85.11

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: .KA..N-O2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 1428 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - tinnitus Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 85 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - sleep Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 18 gm/kg/13W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 30 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 60 day(s) pre-mating female 60 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 137 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 18 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 201 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 19 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - abortion Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - other effects to embryo

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA inhibition

TEST SYSTEM :: Microorganism - not otherwise specified

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mmol/L

REFERENCE :: JMOBAK Journal of Molecular Biology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,442,1962 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83413 No. of Facilities: 205 (estimated) No. of Industries: 11 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 1353 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83413 No. of Facilities: 788 (estimated) No. of Industries: 22 No. of Occupations: 34 No. of Employees: 27303 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 2845 (estimated)

亚硝酸钾安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS03, GHS06, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H272-H301-H400

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P220-P273-P301 + P310

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P2 (EN 143) respirator cartridges;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
O: Oxidizing agent;T: Toxic;N: Dangerous for the environment;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R8;R25;R50

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S45-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1488 5.1/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
TT3750000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
5.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
2834100000

亚硝酸钾合成路线

详细合成路线

亚硝酸钾上下游产品

亚硝酸钾上游产品

亚硝酸钾下游产品

亚硝酸钾制备

1.用氢氧化钾溶液或碳酸钾吸收硝酸盐或硝酸生产中排出的含有少量NO和NO2的尾气，因为硝酸钾与亚硝酸钾的分离比较困难，气相中必须有过量的NO，以减少硝酸钾的生成。在132℃时吸收液蒸发浓缩，然后冷至75℃结晶，经分离、干燥即得产品(可参考亚硝酸钠的生产)。

2.先将1200g碳酸钠溶于1100mL水中。将1250g亚硝酸钠溶于1340mL水，在搅拌下将两溶液混合，并在水浴上蒸发。至混合液的相对密度在70℃时为1.47为止。冷却至室温，滤去沉淀，再将滤液蒸发至相对密度为1.62(20℃)，冷却析出亚硝酸钾结晶，进行重结晶一次。此法只有在用量较大时，才会得到较好的结果。

3.将50%的碳酸钾水溶液加热，然后加入热的50%的亚硝酸钠水溶液（超过理论量4%），进行反应：

将溶液加热蒸发浓缩至密度为1.47（70℃时），滤去碳酸钠结晶，冷却后，再次滤去碳酸钠结晶，滤液蒸发浓缩至密度为1.62（20℃时），冷却结晶，结晶进行重结晶，以进一步除去碳酸钠，重结晶得到的结晶于60～70℃下干燥。母液可循环使用。

4.用亚硝酸钠、氢氧化钾和草酸经两步反应制取亚硝酸钾：

过滤后，蒸发浓缩滤液，将先结晶出来的草酸钠滤去，加适量硝酸钙进一步去除草酸钠，过量Ca²⁺离子用碳酸钾除去。继续浓缩结晶，冷却结晶，结晶用水重结晶后，得试剂亚硝酸钾。

亚硝酸钾海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2834100000

亚硝酸钾文献

The cytochrome P450-catalyzed metabolism of levomepromazine: a phenothiazine neuroleptic with a wide spectrum of clinical application.

Biochem. Pharmacol. 90(2) , 188-95, (2014)

The aim of the present study was to identify cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYPs) involved in the 5-sulfoxidation and N-demethylation of the aliphatic-type phenothiazine neuroleptic levomepromazine in hu...

Nitrate (NO3(-)) and nitrite (NO2(-)) are endocrine disruptors to downregulate expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and motor behavior through conversion to nitric oxide in early development of zebrafish.

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 452(3) , 608-13, (2014)

With a view to consider the increasing concern over nitrogen pollution in the aquatic environment, we investigated effects of nitrate (NO3(-)) and nitrite (NO2(-)) on the activity of dopaminergic neur...

Plant-fungal ecology. Niche engineering demonstrates a latent capacity for fungal-algal mutualism.

Science 345(6192) , 94-8, (2014)

Mutualistic symbioses shape the evolution of species and ecosystems and catalyze the emergence of biological complexity, yet how such symbioses first form is unclear. We show that an obligate mutualis...

更多文献