氯乙烷

氯乙烷用途

【用途一】
用作生产四乙基铅、乙基纤维素和乙基咔唑等的原料，还可用作溶剂、冷冻剂、杀虫剂和局部麻醉剂等
【用途二】
氯乙烷是杀虫剂甲拌磷、杀菌剂乙蒜素和乙霉威的中间体。
【用途三】
主要用作四乙基铅、乙基纤维素及乙基咔唑染料等的原料。也用作烟雾剂、冷冻剂、局部麻醉剂、杀虫剂、乙基化剂、烯烃聚合溶剂、汽油抗震剂等。还用作聚丙烯的催化剂，磷、硫、油脂、树脂、蜡等的溶剂。农药、染料、医药及其中间体的合成。

氯乙烷名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
75-00-3

[ 中文名 ]:
乙基氯

[ 英文名 ]:
monochloroethane

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

ethyl cerotate
Hexacosansaeure-aethylester
monochloroethane
1-CHLORO-ETHANE
hydrochloric ether
Ethane, chloro-
Ethylhexacosanoat
Chloroethane
ethyl chloride
1-ethyl chloride

氯乙烷物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.9±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
12.7±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
−139 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₅Cl

[ 分子量 ]:
64.514

[ 闪点 ]:
-56.7±2.8 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
64.007980

[ LogP ]:
1.50

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色气体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.22 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1169.9±0.0 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.362

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,轻装轻卸、与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Highly flammable - may form explosive mixtures with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals and their alloys.

氯乙烷MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

氯乙烷毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KH7525000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ethane, chloro-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-00-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 56

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H5-Cl

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 64.52

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: G2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 152 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Behavioral - general anesthetic Blood - hemorrhage

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 146 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 40000 ppm/45M

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - acute pulmonary edema

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 19000 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 14 gm/m3/2H/60D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 570 mg/m3/4H/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - liver function tests impaired Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5000 ppm/23H/11D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 19000 ppm/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 15000 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 15000 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - uterine tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 60 mg/m3/4H

SEX/DURATION :: male 26 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 322,33,1994 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 264 mg/m3 (100 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,315,1991 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Available Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,315,1991 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 52,315,1991 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40(3),A46,1979 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,106,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1000 ppm (2640 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 500 ppm (1300 mg/m3);STEL 625 ppm (1625 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 100 mg/m3;STEL 300 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 200 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 1000 ppm;STEL 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 500 ppm (1300 mg/m3);STEL 700 ppm (1900 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m3);STEL 1250 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO MONOCHLOROETHANE-air:Handle with caution REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 31970 No. of Facilities: 6154 (estimated) No. of Industries: 80 No. of Occupations: 66 No. of Employees: 96531 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 31970 No. of Facilities: 766 (estimated) No. of Industries: 12 No. of Occupations: 47 No. of Employees: 49210 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 35368 (estimated)

氯乙烷安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H315-H351

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
May form explosive peroxides., Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P281

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F+:Extremelyflammable;Xn:Harmful;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R12;R40;R52/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S9-S16-S33-S36/37-S61-S45-S7-S29-S36/37/39-S26-S53

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1993 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
KH7525000

[ 危险类别 ]:
2.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
2903110000

氯乙烷合成路线

详细合成路线

氯乙烷上下游产品

氯乙烷上游产品

氯乙烷下游产品

氯乙烷制备

工业上生产氯乙烷普遍采用乙烯氢氯化法，少数采用乙烷氯化法，极少数采用乙醇法。

1.乙烯氢氯化法：以乙烯与氯化氢为原料进行加成反应制取。本法技术经济比较合理，有气相法和液相法两种。液相法为在AlCl3等催化剂存在下，用高浓度乙烯在氯乙烷等溶剂中与氯化氢进行反应（30-40℃，253-303kPa），碱洗后进行气液分离，蒸馏得纯品。气相法是以AlCl3、NH4Cl、硅胶等为催化剂，用较低浓度的乙烯乙烷混合气为原料，在130-250℃下反应制取。

2.乙烷氯化法：工业上以热氯化法为主，即将乙烷在250-500℃、压力202-304kPa下进行氯化反应（副产的氯化氢和乙烯反应，也可制得氯乙烷）。3.乙醇法由乙醇与盐酸在氯化锌存在下反应。原料消耗定额：乙醇（95%）945kg/t、盐酸（30%）2830kg/t、氯化锌90kg/t。另外，将生产三氯乙醛的副产盐酸吸收后的尾气，用98%硫酸干燥，然后经加压、冷冻、液化、精馏提纯，也可得到氯乙烷。

氯乙烷海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2903110000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2903110000 一氯甲烷及氯乙烷。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:5.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 原产地证据文件及编号(例附原产地证书, 原产于英国、美国、荷兰、德国、韩国的

[ Summary ]:
2903110000 chloroethane。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。Lowest tariff:5.5%。General tariff:30.0%

氯乙烷文献

QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient for vitamins by optimal descriptors calculated with SMILES.

Eur. J. Med. Chem. 43 , 714-40, (2008)

Simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) has been utilized in constructing quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) for octanol/water partition coefficient of vitamins and org...

Identification of Dehalobacter reductive dehalogenases that catalyse dechlorination of chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,1-dichloroethane.

Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 368(1616) , 20120318, (2013)

Two novel reductive dehalogenases (RDases) that are highly similar to each other but catalyse distinct dechlorination reactions were identified from Dehalobacter-containing mixed cultures. These two R...

Development of QSAR models for predicting hepatocarcinogenic toxicity of chemicals.

Eur. J. Med. Chem. 44 , 3658-64, (2009)

A dataset comprising 55 chemicals with hepatocarcinogenic potency indices was collected from the Carcinogenic Potency Database with the aim of developing QSAR models enabling prediction of the above u...

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氯乙烷