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脱氢乙酸

脱氢乙酸用途

Dehydroacetic acid是一种有机化合物, 归类为吡喃酮衍生物, 用作杀菌剂。

脱氢乙酸名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
520-45-6

[ 中文名 ]:
脱氢乙酸

[ 英文名 ]:
Dehydroacetic acid

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

DEHYDRACETSAEURE
DEHYDRACETIC ACID
dehydro-aceticaci
EINECS 212-227-4
2-Acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-hexenoic acid δ-lactone
Geogard(R) 361
Geogard(R) 221
dhaa
3-Acetyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-acetyl-6-methyl-

脱氢乙酸生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Dehydroacetic acid是一种有机化合物, 归类为吡喃酮衍生物, 用作杀菌剂。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 抗感染 >> 细菌

信号通路 >> 抗感染 >> 真菌

研究领域 >> 感染

[相关活性小分子]

脱氢乙酸物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
332.6±42.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
111-113 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₈H₈O₄

[ 分子量 ]:
168.147

[ 闪点 ]:
150.5±27.9 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
168.042252

[ PSA ]:
60.44000

[ LogP ]:
0.35

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.490

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与食品原料分开储运

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
水溶性：不溶；水溶解度：690 mg/l 25 °C；可溶于：乙醚,丙酮,乙醇,甲醇,苯

脱氢乙酸MSDS

脱氢乙酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: UP8050000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 2H-Pyran-2,4(3H)-dione, 3-acetyl-6-methyl-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 520-45-6

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0006129

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 14

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C8-H8-O4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 168.16

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T6OV DV CHJ CV1 F1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: WRPCA2 World Review of Pest Control. (London, UK) V.1-10, 1962-71. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 9,119,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1330 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: SKEZAP Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Food Hygiene Journal. (Nippon Shokuhin Eisei Gakkai c/o Shokuhin Eisei Senta, 2-6-1 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1960- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,520,1971

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1186 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 99,98,1950

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4(3),123,1985 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2100 mg/kg/11D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 99,57,1950

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 36400 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 99,57,1950

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 3300 mg/kg/18D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 99,57,1950 ** TUMORIGENIC DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 592 mg/kg/37W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application

REFERENCE :: BJCAAI British Journal of Cancer. (Macmillan Press Ltd., Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hants. RG21 2XS, UK) V.1- 1947- Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,134,1966 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4(3),123,1985 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - A1243 No. of Facilities: 28 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 1288 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - A1243 No. of Facilities: 83 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 925 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 679 (estimated)

脱氢乙酸安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H302

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P301 + P312 + P330

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R22

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S22

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
UP8050000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II; III

[ 危险类别 ]:
4.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
29322980

脱氢乙酸合成路线

脱氢乙酸上下游产品

脱氢乙酸上游产品

脱氢乙酸下游产品

脱氢乙酸制备

方法一、以鱼肝或碎鱼为原料
粗制鱼油的制备取已除去胆囊且洗净切碎的新鲜鱼肝，放人锅内加水，通蒸汽至80℃，流出油质，过滤，滤液冷却至0℃，析出固体脂肪，加压过滤，得滤液即粗制鱼油。
鱼油[水]→[80℃]油质[过滤]→粗制鱼油
或以碎鱼为原料，绞碎后在7-10℃与淀粉混合，加己烷提取15min，过滤，得滤液。滤液用氯化钠溶液洗涤后加无水硫酸钠脱水，回收己烷，得粗制鱼油。
碎鱼[淀粉，己烷]→[7-10℃，15min]滤液[NaCl]→[无水硫酸钠]粗制鱼油
精制鱼油的制备取粗制鱼油，加氢氧化钠乙醇溶液皂化，过滤，滤液加酸酸化，加不溶于水的有机溶剂提取，提取物用水洗涤，除去有机层，水层为淡红色或红棕色的澄清液体，于10℃放置30min无固体析出，得精制鱼油。
粗制鱼油[碱性乙醇溶液]→滤液[有机溶剂]→[HCl]提取物[水洗]→精制鱼油
预浓缩将精制鱼油醇解乙酯化，用尿素包合结晶法，将鱼油中的饱和度较小的脂肪酸除去，制得鱼油脂肪酸乙酯。
精制鱼油[乙醇，尿素包合结晶]→鱼油脂肪酸乙酯
DHA的制备将鱼油脂肪酸乙酯放入萃取罐中，打开钢瓶，CO₂经冷凝后，由高压计量泵加压至设定压力，再预热至工作温度后，进入萃取罐。SC-CO₂携带着鱼油脂肪酸乙酯进入精馏柱，组分按溶解度大小先后从柱顶出来，减压后进入分离器接收。实验条件：萃取压力为11-15MPa、萃取温度为35℃；精馏压力为11-15MPa、精馏温度为40-85℃。收集12-13.5MPa的富EPA馏分和14-15MPa的富DHA馏分，用气相色谱仪测定，EPA十DHA提纯至90%。将富EPA馏分和富DHA馏分分别在11.5-13MPa、13.5-15MPa下进行二次萃取，EPA提纯至67%，DHA提纯至90%以上。
鱼油脂肪酸乙酯[超临界CO2萃取]→[分离]DHA

方法二、以鲱鱼下脚料为原料
鱼油的提取将鲱鱼下脚料绞碎，加半倍量水，调pH8.5-9.0，保温45min，加5%的食盐，搅拌使溶解，继续保温15min，过滤，压榨滤渣，合并滤液与压榨液，趁热离心，制得鲱鱼油。鲱鱼油中EPA和DHA的总含量为8.9%。
鲱鱼下脚料[H2O, 5%NaCl]→[pH8.5-9][过滤，离心]→鲱鱼油
多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的制备取鲱鱼油，加氢氧化钠乙醇(95%)溶液，充氮回流皂化，皂化液冷至15-20℃，大量脂肪酸钠盐析出，挤压过滤，滤液冷却至-20℃，再压滤。滤液加等体积的水，调pH3-4，离心10min，制得PUFA-I。将PUFA-I溶于氢氧化钠乙醇溶液，-20℃冷却，压滤，滤液加少量水，-10℃冷却，抽滤除去胆固醇结晶。滤液再加少量水，-20℃冷却，离心5min，倾出上层液，下层胶状物(PUFA钠盐)酸化后离心10min，制得PUFA-II。PUFA-II中EPA和DHA的总含量为64.8%。
鲱鱼油[NaOH乙醇]→[氮气]皂化液[冷却]滤液[pH3-4]→[离心]PUFA-I[NaOH乙醇]→PUFA-II

方法三、以花生四烯酸为原料
以花生四烯酸为原料，经去饱和，得EPA。EPA经C₂链增长，得二十二碳五烯酸。二十二碳五烯酸经去饱和，得DHA。
花生四烯酸[去饱和]→EPA
EPA[C2链增长]→二十二碳五烯酸[去饱和]→DHA

方法四、超临界多元流体精密精馏技术
目前国内外普遍采用的高真空蒸馏法、分子蒸馏法、硝酸银络合法、单纯超临界CO₂萃取以及工业化层析制备工艺，均存在着诸多的弊端和不足，不宜用于高纯EPA、DHA产业化开发。采用超临界多元流体精密精馏技术直接分离高纯EPA、DHA，系在常温条件下操作，产品不易氧化及降解，中间馏分可反复回收精馏，具有良好的分离性能，易于实现大规模的产业化生产。

方法五、淡碱水解法提取鱼油
此工艺是利用淡的碱液将鱼肝蛋白质组织分解，破坏蛋白质与肝油的结合关系，从而更充分地分离鱼油。此法肝油质量好，价格低廉，我国的鱼油厂多采用此法生产鱼油。

方法六、钾法提取鱼油
传统淡碱水解法提取鱼油时所用的淡碱是氢氧化钠的稀溶液，盐是氯化钠溶液，工艺已非常成熟。但提取过程产生的废液中钠盐含量高，不能进一步利用，形成了新的废弃物。杨官娥等根据淡碱水解工艺的提取原理，用氢氧化钾和硝酸钾代替淡碱水解工艺中的氢氧化钠和氯化钠，鱼油提取率、质量均保持稳定；提取鱼油后的废渣、废液里含有大量的氨基酸、蛋白质，可作为高效绿色肥料的原料进一步利用，无新的废弃物产生。
提取方法如下：将一定量的鱼肝在匀浆器匀浆后，加入三口烧瓶，加半量到一倍半量水，搅拌下水浴升温至45-50℃，分两次加入40%的氢氧化钾水溶液，调pH8-9，继续搅拌升温至80-90℃，保温30min，加鱼肝重4%的硝酸钾，继续搅拌，盐析15min，趁热离心，分离得粗鱼油。
鱼肝[水]→[45-50℃][4%KOH]→[pH8-9][80-90℃]→[30min][4%KNO3]→[15min][离心]→粗鱼油
产品测定方法：过氧化值-硫代硫酸钠回滴法；酸值-碱滴定法；碘值-硫代硫酸钠滴定法；皂化值-盐酸回滴法；DHA、EPA含量测定-气相色谱法。
结果(n=3)：鱼油提取率为24.4%；酸值为2.58；碘值为309；皂化值为178.7；过氧化值为0.070%；DHA含量为19.60%。

方法七：脱氢乙酸可由乙酰乙酸乙酯缩合等法制取，但工业上最可行的生产方法是双乙烯酮二聚。
将溶剂苯（或甲苯）和催化剂三乙烯二胺依次加入反应釜，并加热至苯回流（约75-80℃），然后在不断搅拌下，慢慢流加双乙烯酮，并严格控制温度80℃左右，流加完后继续反应30min，反应液自然冷却后析出固体，过滤即得粗品。粗品用稀碳酸钠溶液（PH8-9）加热（80℃）溶解，并用活性炭脱色，过滤所得请液用1：1的盐酸在搅拌下中和至PH3-4，收集析出物，并在70-90℃下干燥即得成品。
据文献报道，催化剂用量0.3%，反应温度40℃，反应时间75min，收率为88.2%。反应过程中如添加阻聚剂，收率可提高到94.1%，纯度99.8%。

脱氢乙酸海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2932999099

[ 中文概述 ]:
2932999099. 其他仅含氧杂原子的杂环化合物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:6.5%. 普通关税:20.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2932999099. other heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

脱氢乙酸文献

Effects of preservatives on Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris growth and guaiacol production.

Int. J. Food Microbiol. 214 , 145-50, (2015)

Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris can survive the pasteurization process, multiply in pasteurized juices and produce guaiacol which causes medicinal or antiseptic off-flavors. Chemical preservatives ha...

[Analysis of preservatives used in cosmetic products: salicylic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium dehydroacetate, potassium sorbate, phenoxyethanol, and parabens].

Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho. Hokoku. (128) , 85-90, (2010)

Preservatives are used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in cosmetic products. The Japanese standards for cosmetics set restrictions on the maximum amount of each preservative added to cosmetics...

Simultaneous determination of eleven preservatives in cosmetics by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

J. AOAC Int. 95(4) , 1069-73, (2012)

A new method for the simultaneous quantitation of 11 preservatives-imidazolidinyl urea, benzyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, sorbic acid, phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and four parabens...

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