乙酰丙酮

乙酰丙酮用途

【用途一】
用作制药的原料及有机中间体，也可作溶剂
【用途二】
用作分析试剂及钨、钼中铝的萃取剂
【用途三】
戊二酮又称乙酰丙酮，是杀菌剂甲基嘧菌胺、嘧菌胺和除草剂嘧磺隆的中间体。
【用途四】
乙酰丙酮是有机合成中间体，与胍生成氨基-4,6-二甲基嘧啶，是重要的制药原料。可作醋酸纤维素的溶剂，汽油及润滑剂的添加剂，油漆和清漆的干燥剂、杀菌剂，杀虫剂等。乙酰丙酮还可作为石油裂解、加氢反应和羰基化反应的催化剂，氧气的氧化促进剂等。可用来脱除多孔固体中的金属氧化物及用于处理聚丙烯触媒等。在欧美国家50%以上用于牲畜止泻药和饲料添加剂。
【用途五】
有机合成，色层分析用试剂，过渡金属螯合剂。比色法测定铁和氟，在二硫化碳存在时测定铊。

乙酰丙酮名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
123-54-6

[ 中文名 ]:
乙酰丙酮

[ 英文名 ]:
2,4-Pentandione

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

EINECS 204-634-0
Acetone, acetyl-
2,4-Dioxopentane
Acetylaeetone
Diacetylmethane
MeC(O)CH2C(O)Me
acetyl
Acetyl-propanone-2
MFCD00008787
2,4-Pentadione

乙酰丙酮物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
138.4±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-23 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₅H₈O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
100.116

[ 闪点 ]:
43.1±16.8 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
100.052429

[ PSA ]:
34.14000

[ LogP ]:
0.34

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色或黄色色的液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.5 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
6.7±0.3 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.395

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
16 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

乙酰丙酮MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乙酰丙酮毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: SA1925000

CHEMICAL NAME :: 2,4-Pentanedione

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 123-54-6

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0741937

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 22

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C5-H8-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 100.13

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: 1V1V1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 55 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy)

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 951 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 810 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 20 mL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 805 ppm/6H/9D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 650 ppm/6H/14W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 gm/kg/12D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 398 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in mammalian somatic cells

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Ovary

DOSE/DURATION :: 80 mg/L

REFERENCE :: EPASR* United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460) History unknown. Volume(issue)/page/year: 8EHQ-0386-0595 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84754 No. of Facilities: 221 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 3 No. of Employees: 3030 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84754 No. of Facilities: 350 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 23 No. of Employees: 6171 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1577 (estimated)

乙酰丙酮安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS06

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H226-H302-H311-H331

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P261-P280-P311

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R10;R22

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S21-S23-S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2310 3/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
SA1925000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2914190090

乙酰丙酮合成路线

详细合成路线

乙酰丙酮上下游产品

乙酰丙酮上游产品

乙酰丙酮下游产品

乙酰丙酮制备

精制方法：将20%乙酰丙酮粗品溶于80%的苯中，然后与等体积的蒸馏水振荡3小时，易溶于水的乙酸分配到水相中，而乙酰丙酮则溶于苯中。将苯蒸馏除去，精制得到乙酰丙酮。

１．丙酮和醋酐缩合法　其反应式如下：

　此路线工艺简单、成熟、收率高。但三氟化硼属危险性气体，使用不方便，废液的处理难度大。
２．醋酸乙酯丙酮法　其反应式如下：

　该法是一种经典合成方法。该工艺需用金属钠，给工业化生产带来一定危险性。
３．乙酰乙酸乙酯醋酐法　其反应式如下：

　该工艺操作简单、方便，设备投资少，
但其技术经济指标不太理想，原料成本相
当于进口产品价格。
４．乙酰乙酸乙酯乙烯酮法　其反应式如下：

此法反应条件温和，收率较高。但工艺流程长，原料价格高，投资大。
５．乙烯酮丙酮缩合转化法　其反应式如下：

６．丙酮醋酸乙酯法　其反应式如下：

7.将过量的精制的乙酸乙酯和干燥的丙酮混合，冷却至0℃以下，边搅拌边缓慢加入粉末状氨基钠，反应开始，并放出大量氨气：

冰水冷却下，搅拌反应24H之后，室温下静置过夜。然后加入等量的冰和水，静置分层，取水层，用稀硫酸中和至酸性。再加入适量饱和乙酸铜溶液，使乙酰丙酮，形成螯合物析出，析出充分后，抽滤，用水洗涤两次后，转入乙醚中充分振荡，加入2mol／L的硫酸使螯合物分解，静置后，分出乙醚层，酸层
用乙醚萃取一次、乙醚层合并，加入无水氯化钙干燥脱水，过滤、蒸馏、回收可馏分乙醚，收集125～140℃馏分，第二次蒸馏，收集135～140℃馏分，即为成品。

乙酰丙酮海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2914190090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2914190090 其他不含其他含氧基的无环酮。监管条件:无。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最惠国关税:5.5%。普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途, 丙酮报明包装

[ Summary ]:
2914190090 other acyclic ketones without other oxygen function。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:5.5%。General tariff:30.0%

乙酰丙酮文献

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