四氢呋喃_MSDS_用途_密度_四氢呋喃CAS号【109-99-9】

【用途一】
用作色谱分析试剂、有机溶剂及尼龙66中间体

【用途二】
用作溶剂、有机合成的原料

【用途三】
四氢呋喃又名一氧五环、氧杂环戊烷、四亚甲基氧，是合成农药苯丁锡的中间体，另外，可直接用于制合成纤维、合成树脂、合成橡胶，也是许多聚合材料、精密磁带和电镀工业的溶剂，还用于制己二腈、己二酸、己二胺、丁二酸、丁二醇、γ-丁内酯等，在医药工业上，可用于生产咳必清、黄体酮、利复霉素和用作制药溶剂等。

【用途四】
THF是一种重要的有机合成原料且是性能优良的溶剂，特别适用于溶解PVC、聚偏氯乙烯和丁苯胺，广泛用作表面涂料、防腐涂料、印刷油墨、磁带和薄膜涂料的溶剂，并用作反应溶剂，用于电镀铝液时可任意控制铝层厚度且光亮。THF自身可缩聚（经阳离子引发开环再聚合）成聚四亚甲基醚二醇（PTMEG），也称四氢呋喃均聚醚。PTMEG与甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）制成耐磨、耐油、低温性能好、强度高的特种橡胶；与对苯二甲酸二甲酯和1,4-丁二醇制成嵌段聚醚聚酯弹性材料。相对分子质量为2000的PTMEG与对亚甲基双（4-苯基）二异氰酸酯（MDI）制成聚氨酯弹性纤维（氨纶，即SPANDEX纤维）、特种橡胶和一些特殊用途涂料的原料。在有机合成方面，用于生产四氢噻吩、1.4-二氯乙烷、2.3-二氯四氢呋喃、戊内酯、丁内酯和吡咯烷酮等。在医药工业方面，THF用于合成咳必清、利复霉素、黄体酮和一些激素药。THF经硫化氢处理生成四氢硫酚，可作燃料气中的臭味剂（识别添加剂）。THF还可用做合成革的表面处理剂。

【用途五】
四氢呋喃（109-99-9）是一种重要的有机化工及精细化工原料，用作天然和合成树脂(特别乙烯基树脂)的溶剂，也用于制丁二烯、己二腈、己二酸、己二胺等。广泛应用于树脂溶剂(磁带涂层、表面涂层、清洗反应器、脱除薄膜、玻璃纸涂层、塑料印刷油墨、热塑性聚氨酯涂层)；反应溶剂(格式试剂、烷基碱金属化合物和芳基碱金属化合物、氢化铝和氢化硼、甾族化合物和大分子有机聚合物)；化学中间产物(聚合生成、天然气加味剂)；色谱溶剂(凝胶渗透色谱法)。

【用途六】
氨基酸和肽的纸层析。溶剂。有机合成。高效液相色谱,紫外发光光度分析。

[ 密度 ]:
0.9±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
66 ºC

[ 熔点 ]:
-108.4 ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₄H₈O

[ 分子量 ]:
72.106

[ 闪点 ]:
-21 ºC

[ 精确质量 ]:
72.057518

[ PSA ]:
9.23000

[ LogP ]:
0.33

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.5 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
152.4±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.417

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸碱类分开存放

[ 水溶解性 ]:
miscible

[ 凝固点 ]:
-108℃

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LU5950000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Furan, tetrahydro-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 109-99-9

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 51

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C4-H8-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 72.12

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: T5OTJ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 25000 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1650 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: GAFCC* GAF Material Safety Data Sheet. (GAF Chemicals Corporation, 1361 Alps Road, Wayne, NJ 07470)

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 21000 ppm/3H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - sleep Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 24000 mg/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle weakness Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 2300 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - fatty liver degeneration

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4550 mg/kg/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - change in clotting factors Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1000 ppm/4H/12W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - deviated nasal septum

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 5000 ppm/6H/91D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 ppm/6H/18W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Musculoskeletal - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4550 mg/kg/17W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - change in clotting factors Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5000 ppm/6H/91D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - adrenal cortex hypoplasia Endocrine - changes in thymus weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 8 gm/m3/2H/60D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 5000 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

DOSE :: 1800 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in microorganisms

TEST SYSTEM :: Bacteria - Escherichia coli

REFERENCE :: GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI Volume(issue)/page/year: 26(1),43,1982 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 737 mg/m3 (250 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 590 mg/m3 (200 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,252,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (735 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm (738 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (290 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (440 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 200 mg/m3;STEL 400 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 200 ppm;STEL 100 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 100 ppm (300 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 1000 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3);STEL 250 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO TETRAHYDROFURAN-air:10H TWA 200 ppm;STEL 250 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 71695 No. of Facilities: 4141 (estimated) No. of Industries: 72 No. of Occupations: 60 No. of Employees: 95003 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 71695 No. of Facilities: 17866 (estimated) No. of Industries: 101 No. of Occupations: 83 No. of Employees: 356038 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 47382 (estimated)

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H225-H302-H319-H335-H351

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
May form explosive peroxides.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P305 + P351 + P338-P370 + P378-P403 + P235

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11;R19;R36/37

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S36-S33-S29-S16

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2924 3/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
MD0916000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

[ 海关编码 ]:
2932110000

详细合成路线

四氢呋喃上游产品

四氢呋喃下游产品

四氢呋喃的生产工艺有以下几种。
(1)糠醛法
由糠醛脱羰基生成呋喃，再加氢而得。
这是工业上最早生产四氢呋喃的方法之一。糠醛主要由玉米芯等农副产品水解制造。该法污染严重，不利于大规模生产，已逐步被淘汰。

(2)顺酐催化加氢法
顺酐和氢气从底部进入内装镍催化剂的反应器，产物中四氢呋喃与γ-丁内酯比例可通过调整操作参数加以控制。反应产物与原料氢气冷却至50℃左右进入洗涤塔底部，使未反应的氢气及气态与液态产物分离，未反应的氢气及气态产物经洗涤后循环到反应器，液态产物经蒸馏而得四氢呋喃产品。
该工艺可在0～(5：1)范围内任意调整γ-丁内酯与四氢呋喃的比例，顺酐的单程转化率达100%，四氢呋喃选择性为85%～95%，产品含量达99.97%。该工艺具有催化剂性能好、流程简单、投资少等特点。

(3)1,4-丁二醇脱水环化法
其工艺过程为：向反应器中加入1087kg 22%的硫酸水溶液，在100℃以110kg/h的速度加入1,4-丁二醇，塔顶温度维持在80℃，以大约110kg/h的速度从塔顶得到含有80%四氢呋喃的水溶液。加入50t 1,4-丁二醇后，从反应器中排除约70kg焦质。将焦质进行过滤，得到的硫酸水溶液可以重新使用，这一过程的四氢呋喃收率可以达到99%以上。
硫酸是四氢呋喃工业生产中使用最早的催化剂，也是现今生产中应用较多的催化剂。此工艺技术成熟，工艺比较简单，反应温度较低，四氢呋喃收率较高，但硫酸易腐蚀设备，污染环境。

(4)二氯丁烯法
以1,4-二氯丁烯为原料，经水解生成丁烯二醇，再经催化加氢而得。
1,4-二氯丁烯在氢氧化钠溶液中水解，110℃下生成丁烯二醇，离心分离去掉氯化钠，滤液在蒸发结晶器中浓缩，分离出碱金属羧酸盐，再在蒸馏塔中除去高沸物。将精制后的丁烯二醇送入反应器，以镍为催化剂，在80～120℃及一定压力下，丁烯二醇加氢生成丁二醇，蒸馏后进人环合反应器，在常压及120～140℃下于酸性介质中生成粗四氢呋喃，蒸馏脱水和脱高沸物，最后蒸馏得高纯四氢呋喃。
此法操作简便，条件温和，收率高，催化剂用量少，可连续使用。

(5)丁二烯氧化法
以丁二烯为原料，经氧化得呋喃，再加氢而得。此法在国外已工业化。

(6)工业生产最早以糖醛为原料，将糖醛与蒸气的混合物通入填充锌-铬-锰金属氧化物（或钯）催化剂的反应器，于400-420℃脱去羰基而成呋喃；然后以骨架镍为催化剂，于80-120℃呋喃加氢制得四氢呋喃。该法生产1吨四氢呋喃，约需消耗3吨多糖醛。后来发展的生产方法有许多种，工业化的方法有1,4-丁二醇催化脱水环合法，因为丁二醇是由乙炔和甲醛制得的，此法称雷由法（Reppe法）；利用氯丁橡胶单体氯丁二烯的副产物1,4-二氯丁烯生产四氢呋喃，称为二氯丁烯法；近年来发展了以顺酐为原料的催化加氢法。

(7)在氧化锌、氧化铬、二氧化锰的存在下，糠醛可被催化脱醛，并在镍铝催化剂存在下加氢生成四氢呋喃：

[ 海关编码 ]: 2932110000

[ 中文概述 ]:
2932110000 四氢呋喃。监管条件:AB(入境货物通关单,出境货物通关单)。增值税率:17.0%。退税率:9.0%。最低关税:6.0%。普通关税:20.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ 监管条件 ]: A.入境货物通关单 B.出境货物通关单

[ 检验检疫 ]: M.进口商品检验 N.出口商品检验

[ Summary ]:
2932110000 tetrahydrofuran。supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward)。VAT:17.0%。tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tarrif:6.0%。general tariff:20.0%

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公司名：上海吉至生化科技有限公司

区域：上海市奉贤区

价格：
￥468.0/1l ￥128.0/100ml ￥268.0/500ml ￥248.0/4l

联系人：刘佳

产品详情：四氢呋喃

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区域：盘锦市盘锦市双台子区

价格：
￥80.0/100ton

联系人：王迎

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公司名：上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司

区域：上海市浦东新区

价格：
￥需询单/1mg ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g ￥需询单/1g

联系人：阿拉丁李高志

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区域：济南市天桥区

价格：
￥需询单/180kg

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公司名：山东金悦源新材料有限公司

区域：济南市天桥区

价格：
￥1800.0/180kg ￥10000.0/1ton

联系人：王思兵

产品详情：四氢呋喃

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