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三氯化锑

三氯化锑用途

用作分析试剂、催化剂，也用于有机合成

三氯化锑名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
10025-91-9

[ 中文名 ]:
三氯化锑

[ 英文名 ]:
Antimony trichloride

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Butter of antimony
Trichlorostibine
Antimony chloride
Antimony(III) trichloride
Antimony trichloride
Antimony(III) chloride
Antimonous chloride
Stibine, trichloro-
trichlorostibane
MFCD00011212

三氯化锑物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
3,14 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
223 °C

[ 熔点 ]:
73.4 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
Cl₃Sb

[ 分子量 ]:
228.119

[ 闪点 ]:
223.5°C

[ 精确质量 ]:
225.810379

[ LogP ]:
2.06850

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色易潮解的透明斜方结晶体，在空气中发烟。

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
7.9 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
1 mm Hg ( 49 °C)

[ 储存条件 ]:
2-8°C

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Hygroscopic. Reacts violently with water. Incompatible with metals.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
H2O: soluble | 不同温度(℃)时每100毫升水中的溶解克数: 602g/0℃;910g/20℃;1090g/30℃;1370g/40℃;水解/50℃

三氯化锑MSDS

三氯化锑毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: CC4900000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Antimony(III) chloride

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 10025-91-9

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 42

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: Cl3-Sb

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 228.10

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: SB G3

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :: 73 mg/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - anorexia (human) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Gastrointestinal - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 525 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 13 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 574 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Gastrointestinal - peritonitis Gastrointestinal - necrotic changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 2282 mg/kg/9W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 8518 mg/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 44 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 22 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 4400 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1-22 day(s) after conception lactating female 22 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed effects

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 264,163,1991 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,15,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:.TWA (0.5 mg(Sb)/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 0.2 mg(Sb)/m3;STEL 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ANTIMONY-air:10H TWA 0.5 mg(Sb)/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 07405 No. of Facilities: 125 (estimated) No. of Industries: 6 No. of Occupations: 9 No. of Employees: 1947 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 07405 No. of Facilities: 344 (estimated) No. of Industries: 9 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 22641 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 7292 (estimated)

三氯化锑安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H314-H411

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P273-P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R34;R51/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S45-S61-S36/37/39-S36

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1733 8/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
CC4900000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

三氯化锑合成路线

三氯化锑上下游产品

三氯化锑上游产品

三氯化锑下游产品

三氯化锑制备

1.合成法将锑锭破碎成3crn的锑块，置于反应器内，通入氯气进行氯化反应，生成三氯化锑。经减压蒸馏除去五氯化锑，再经加热除砷、冷却结晶、粉碎，制得三氯化锑成品。其反应方程式如下：

图XV-11三氯化锑制备装置

图XV-12 升华三氯化锑装置

2.将几块纯锑放在玻璃管1(如图所示)中，经由蒸馏烧瓶3的2管通入干燥的氯气。管1放在一个垫着石棉的铁槽上，稍稍向烧瓶方向下倾。当反应开始进行之后，就只需时时将松松地塞着的塞子4取下添加新的锑块就行了。在管1的内径仅8mm的部分由于三氯化锑吸收氯而保持液体状态，所以不会堵塞。当烧瓶中积聚了足够多的粗制氯化锑之后，将氯气流关闭，再把几小块锑放入瓶中。将瓶加热，最后再加少许锑粉以除去最后残余的SbCl5。随后将SbCl3蒸馏制得SbCl3。

3.将25g研细的辉锑矿(stibnite-Sb2S3)加热溶于150mL浓盐酸中(在通风橱中操作)；冷却之后过滤。将2g锑粉加入此滤液后，将它由一个用石棉塞子塞着的小蒸馏瓶中分馏出来。弃去120℃以前的先头馏分。把120至200℃馏出的馏分(馏分Ⅰ)再单独分馏一次，只取其在200℃以上馏出的部分。随后将它与第二个馏分合并，加1g Sb粉再分馏一次，只收集在223℃馏出的馏分。

欲制得特别纯的制剂，可将SbCl3重升华一次。操作方法如下：把一个容量约2L的蒸馏烧瓶1放在沸腾的水浴上(图)，用水从上面淋下以冷却之。把一些SbCl3装在烧瓶1中。当上面冷的壁上沉积了足够量的美丽的长结晶，而烧瓶中已不再剩有未升华的SbCl3时，即可让整套装置冷却，不要触动它。然后将结晶摇落到联接的2瓶中(结晶很容易松落)。

图三氯化锑制备装置

1—玻璃管，直的部分约60cm，内径1.5cm，缩细的部分内径0.8cm，壁厚1.2～2mm；2—支管；3—烧瓶；4—塞子图升华三氯化锑装置

1—蒸馏烧瓶；2—接受瓶；3—干燥管

3.将10kg预先粉碎成30mm大小的工业金属锑块置于10L有回流装置的烧瓶中，再加入熔融态的三氯化锑，浸没锑块，把氯气导管插入料层后，通入氯气，进行反应：

当金属锑块有少量剩余时，中止反应。将反应液进行蒸馏，前馏分为含砷化合物(AsCl₃，130.2 ℃)，检验馏出物含As合格后，即可收集SbCl₃馏分(220～223℃)，蒸馏瓶内残液约为1/5时，蒸馏完毕，在干燥处冷却，即得成品。

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