Abstract Thirteen nucleoside 5′-triphosphates (NTPs) and their β, γ-bridging oxygen- modified analogs (β, γ-CX 2-NTPs, X= H, F, Cl, and Br) have been efficiently synthesized from nucleoside 5′-phosphoropiperidates with 4, 5-dicyanoimidazole as the activator. A high-yielding and chromatography-free protocol for the preparation of both natural and base- modified nucleoside 5′-phosphoropiperidates from the corresponding nucleoside 5′- ...