Pumiliotoxin C (1) 1 was originally isolated from the skin extracts of Dendrobates pumilio (a striking colored Panamanian poison arrow frog2). X-ray analysis3 of the crystalline hydrochloride of 1 established the structure, and the absolute configuration (2S, 4aS, 5R, 8aR) of this toxin was confirmed in 1977 by its total synthesis. 4 Because of the scarcity of natural material (eg, 15 mg of 1 from 250 frogs) 5 coupled with the intriguing ...