Conclusions Since the rates of nitrogen inversion in hydroxylamines and their conjugate bases are the same, we conclude that the effect of increased lone-pair repulsion of-0-is equal to the u-inductive effect of its reduced electronegativity. These two effects happen to cancel nearly exactly, so that there is no net effect. This cancellation represents a CHE90- 25113. challenge to MO calculations. It is no surprise that these two effects had not ...