Lisofylline (LSF, 1-(5-R-hydroxyhexyl)-3, 7-dimethylxanthine) is an anti-inflammatory agent that protects β-cells from Th1 cytokine-induced dysfunction and reduces the onset of Type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Due to its low potency, poor oral bioavailability, and short half-life, the widespread clinical utility of LSF may be limited. Our goal has been to develop new agents based on the LSF structural motif that resolve the potency and ...