Active titanium metal, produced in a finely divided form by Feduction of Tic13 with either potassium or lithium, will reductively couple ketones and aldehydes to olefins. Although the intermolecular coupling works best when two identical carbonyls are coupled to a symmetrical product, unsymmetrical couplings can also be carried out in certain cases. The unsymmetrical coupling of a diaryl ketone with another partner is particularly efficient, and ...
