A recombinant VH single-domain antibody recognizing staphylococcal protein A was functionalized on reactive lysine residues with N-hydroxysuccimidyl-activated 4- cyanobenzoate. Surface plasmon resonance analysis of antibody-antigen binding revealed that modified and unmodified antibodies bound protein A with similar affinities. Raman imaging of the modified antibodies indicated that the benzonitrile group provides ...