Direct synthesis of 3-arylpropionic acids by tetraphosphine/palladium catalysed Heck reactions of aryl halides with acrolein ethylene acetal

~74%

~90%

~94%

~94%

~%

~94%

~86%

~92%

~83%

~80%

~%

~84%

~89%

~86%

~58%

~79%

~94%

~77%

~88%

~%

~81%

~77%

~%

~85%

~77%